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I. Problems with system current control As the operating current increases, the quality of water produced by the ultrapure water equipment continues to improve. However, if the current is increased after reaching a high level, the excessive amount of H+ and OH- ions generated by water electrolysis means that, in addition to being used for regenerating the resin, a large number of these excess ions act as charge carriers for conduction. Meanwhile, due to the accumulation and blockage that occur as these charge carriers move, or as a result of back-diffusion, the quality of the produced water deteriorates. II. Unqualified output water from reverse osmosis equipment If the salinity of the raw water is high, it is recommended to use a bipolar RO reverse osmosis device for pre-desalination, with a conductivity level of 1–3 μS/cm being ideal. If the CO2 content in the inlet water is high, it is advisable to use degassing membranes or degassing towers to remove the CO2. If the pH deviates too much from neutrality, pH adjustment should be used to keep the inlet water pH between 7 and 8. III. Iron contamination Iron contamination that occurs during the operation of ultra-pure water equipment is one of the main reasons for the progressive increase in the resistance of the water produced by such equipment. If ordinary steel pipes are used in the raw water and pretreatment systems without any anti-corrosion treatment, it will lead to an increase in iron content within the system; once the iron corrodes, it turns into Fe(OH)3 in a suspended state. Resins have a strong adsorption capacity for iron, and once iron is adsorbed by the resin, it leads to irreversible reactions.