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This post was last edited by hesonchang214 on 2019-11-24 at 10:12. The water production volume of large-scale industrial pure water systems follows a specific functional relationship with temperature. The water production capacity of most ultra-pure water systems is specified based on the standard output of the reverse osmosis membrane at an inlet water temperature of 25°C. Therefore, when selecting a laboratory ultrapure water machine or reverse osmosis ultrapure water system, it is essential to account for the lower water temperature in winter and the gradual decrease in water flux once the reverse osmosis system is in operation, by setting the required water production volume at 1.5 to 2 times the nominal production capacity of the equipment. Temperature affects the production volume of water from reverse osmosis; as temperature drops, the viscosity of water increases and its diffusivity decreases, resulting in a reduction in the water production volume as well. At the same pressure, a decrease of 1 degree Celsius in temperature can reduce the water production by 3–4%. . Although high temperatures do not have a direct impact on the water production capacity of a pure water machine, low temperatures do have such an effect. To extend the lifespan of the machine, it is essential to avoid conditions of either excessively high or low temperatures, as these can cause unnecessary problems.