【Daily Discussion】Utilities - HVAC - 20200922

From a planning perspective: 1. Determine the orientation of the building and its shape in a rational manner; 2. For complexes consisting of multiple buildings, organize their layout properly so that the entire complex can make more efficient use of sunlight and natural ventilation. From an architectural design perspective: 1. Design exterior windows appropriately – larger windows result in higher energy consumption, while too small windows compromise the building’s lighting and aesthetics; 2. Where necessary, light-filled atriums can be incorporated within the building; 3. Organize natural ventilation within the building effectively; 4. Use high-efficiency insulation materials for the building’s exterior; 5. The exterior windows should be designed carefully to meet requirements for low heat transfer coefficients, high light transmittance in winter, and to prevent excessive heat loss through those windows in winter; 6. Employ roof greening techniques. From the perspective of building equipment: 1. Design ventilation systems properly and install heat recovery systems, which can significantly reduce energy losses in the building’s fresh air system; 2. Design central air conditioning systems effectively, using technologies such as low-temperature air supply, radiant cooling, zoned air conditioning, ice storage cooling, and geothermal heat pumps. Other building energy-saving technologies include: 1. Breathing facades: These involve creating an air layer between the facade and the internal structure, allowing this air layer to exchange heat with the outside environment when needed, thereby providing insulation or heat exchange functions; 2. Phase-change energy storage technology: This utilizes the property of substances to release or absorb large amounts of heat during phase changes from solid to liquid or vice versa, thereby slowing down temperature changes in the building or storing heat; 3. Thermoelectric cooling technology: This uses natural gas or other fuels to generate electricity, with any excess steam being used for heating in winter or cooling in summer; 4. Solar hot water technology (or solar thermoelectric cooling systems): Solar collectors are used to produce hot water (which can also be used for electricity generation); 5. Integrated solar photovoltaic power generation: Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity; 6. Solar air conditioning

From a planning perspective: 1. Determine the orientation of the building reasonably, as well as its shape； 2. For building complexes composed of multiple buildings, the layout of these buildings should be organized properly so that the entire complex can make more efficient use of sunlight and natural ventilation ； From the perspective of architectural design: 1. The exterior windows should be designed properly; larger exterior windows result in higher energy consumption, while too small windows can impair the building’s lighting and aesthetics ； 2. When necessary, an internal lighting atrium can be designed in the building ； 3. Organize natural ventilation within the building in a rational manner ； 4. Choose high-efficiency building exterior insulation materials ； 5. The detailed design of exterior windows must meet the requirements for a low heat transfer coefficient, as well as high light transmittance in winter; it is also necessary to prevent excessive heat loss due to air infiltration through the exterior windows during winter ； 6. Adoption of green roof technology ； From the perspective of building equipment: 1. Design the ventilation system properly and install a heat recovery system, which can significantly reduce the energy losses in the building’s fresh air system ； 2. Reasonably design central air conditioning systems, such as low-temperature air supply technology, radiant cooling technology, zoned air handling technology, ice-based cold storage technology, geothermal heat pump technology, and so on ； Other building energy-saving technologies: 1. Breathing curtain walls: These involve creating an air layer between the curtain wall and the internal structure, allowing this air layer to exchange air with the outside environment or not, thereby enabling insulation or heat exchange when necessary ； 2. Phase-change energy storage technology: This technique makes use of the property that substances release or absorb large amounts of heat when changing from a solid state to a liquid state, or from a liquid state to a solid state, in order to slow down temperature changes in buildings or to store heat ； 3. Thermoelectric cooling combined system: Utilizes natural gas or other fuels for thermoelectric power generation, with the excess steam being used for heating in winter or cooling in summer ； 4. Solar hot water technology (or solar thermoelectric cooling systems): Utilizes solar collectors to produce hot water (which can also be used for power generation). 5. Building-integrated photovoltaic power generation: Uses photovoltaic cells to convert sunlight into electricity ； 6. Solar air conditioning

From a planning perspective: 1. Determine the orientation of the building and its shape in a rational manner; 2. For complexes consisting of multiple buildings, organize their layout properly so that the entire complex can make more efficient use of sunlight and natural ventilation. From an architectural design perspective: 1. Design exterior windows appropriately – larger windows result in higher energy consumption, while too small windows compromise the building’s lighting and aesthetics; 2. Where necessary, light-filled atriums can be incorporated within the building; 3. Organize natural ventilation within the building effectively; 4. Use high-efficiency insulation materials for the building’s exterior; 5. The exterior windows should be designed carefully to meet requirements for low heat transfer coefficients, high light transmittance in winter, and to prevent excessive heat loss through those windows in winter; 6. Employ roof greening techniques. From the perspective of building equipment: 1. Design ventilation systems properly and install heat recovery systems, which can significantly reduce energy losses in the building’s fresh air system; 2. Design central air conditioning systems effectively, using technologies such as low-temperature air supply, radiant cooling, zoned air conditioning, ice storage cooling, and geothermal heat pumps. Other building energy-saving technologies include: 1. Breathing facades: These involve creating an air layer between the facade and the internal structure, allowing this air layer to exchange heat with the outside environment when needed, thereby providing insulation or heat exchange functions; 2. Phase-change energy storage technology: This utilizes the property of substances to release or absorb large amounts of heat during phase changes from solid to liquid or vice versa, thereby slowing down temperature changes in the building or storing heat; 3. Thermoelectric cooling technology: This uses natural gas or other fuels to generate electricity, with any excess steam being used for heating in winter or cooling in summer; 4. Solar hot water technology (or solar thermoelectric cooling systems): Solar collectors are used to produce hot water (which can also be used for electricity generation); 5. Integrated solar photovoltaic power generation: Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity; 6. Solar air conditioning

From a planning perspective: 1. Determine the orientation of the building and its shape in a rational manner; 2. For complexes consisting of multiple buildings, organize their layout properly so that the entire complex can make more efficient use of sunlight and natural ventilation. From an architectural design perspective: 1. Design exterior windows appropriately – larger windows result in higher energy consumption, while too small windows compromise the building’s lighting and aesthetics; 2. Where necessary, light-filled atriums can be incorporated within the building; 3. Organize natural ventilation within the building effectively; 4. Use high-efficiency insulation materials for the building’s exterior; 5. The exterior windows should be designed carefully to meet requirements for low heat transfer coefficients, high light transmittance in winter, and to prevent excessive heat loss through those windows in winter; 6. Employ roof greening techniques. From the perspective of building equipment: 1. Design ventilation systems properly and install heat recovery systems, which can significantly reduce energy losses in the building’s fresh air system; 2. Design central air conditioning systems effectively, using technologies such as low-temperature air supply, radiant cooling, zoned air conditioning, ice storage cooling, and geothermal heat pumps. Other building energy-saving technologies include: 1. Breathing facades: These involve creating an air layer between the facade and the internal structure, allowing this air layer to exchange heat with the outside environment when needed, thereby providing insulation or heat exchange functions; 2. Phase-change energy storage technology: This utilizes the property of substances to release or absorb large amounts of heat during phase changes from solid to liquid or vice versa, thereby slowing down temperature changes in the building or storing heat; 3. Thermoelectric cooling technology: This uses natural gas or other fuels to generate electricity, with any excess steam being used for heating in winter or cooling in summer; 4. Solar hot water technology (or solar thermoelectric cooling systems): Solar collectors are used to produce hot water (which can also be used for electricity generation); 5. Integrated solar photovoltaic power generation: Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity; 6. Solar air conditioning

From a planning perspective: 1. Determine the orientation of the building and its shape in a rational manner; 2. For complexes consisting of multiple buildings, organize their layout properly so that the entire complex can make more efficient use of sunlight and natural ventilation. From an architectural design perspective: 1. Design exterior windows appropriately – larger windows result in higher energy consumption, while too small windows compromise the building’s lighting and aesthetics; 2. Where necessary, light-filled atriums can be incorporated within the building; 3. Organize natural ventilation within the building effectively; 4. Use high-efficiency insulation materials for the building’s exterior; 5. The exterior windows should be designed carefully to meet requirements for low heat transfer coefficients, high light transmittance in winter, and to prevent excessive heat loss through those windows in winter; 6. Employ roof greening techniques. From the perspective of building equipment: 1. Design ventilation systems properly and install heat recovery systems, which can significantly reduce energy losses in the building’s fresh air system; 2. Design central air conditioning systems effectively, using technologies such as low-temperature air supply, radiant cooling, zoned air conditioning, ice storage cooling, and geothermal heat pumps. Other building energy-saving technologies include: 1. Breathing facades: These involve creating an air layer between the facade and the internal structure, allowing this air layer to exchange heat with the outside environment when needed, thereby providing insulation or heat exchange functions; 2. Phase-change energy storage technology: This utilizes the property of substances to release or absorb large amounts of heat during phase changes from solid to liquid or vice versa, thereby slowing down temperature changes in the building or storing heat; 3. Thermoelectric cooling technology: This uses natural gas or other fuels to generate electricity, with any excess steam being used for heating in winter or cooling in summer; 4. Solar hot water technology (or solar thermoelectric cooling systems): Solar collectors are used to produce hot water (which can also be used for electricity generation); 5. Integrated solar photovoltaic power generation: Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity; 6. Solar air conditioning

From a planning perspective: 1. Determine the orientation of the building reasonably, as well as its shape； 2. For building complexes composed of multiple buildings, the layout of these buildings should be organized properly so that the entire complex can make more efficient use of sunlight and natural ventilation ； From the perspective of architectural design: 1. The exterior windows should be designed properly; larger exterior windows result in higher energy consumption, while too small windows can impair the building’s lighting and aesthetics ； 2. When necessary, an internal lighting atrium can be designed in the building ； 3. Organize natural ventilation within the building in a rational manner ； 4. Choose high-efficiency building exterior insulation materials ； 5. The detailed design of exterior windows must meet the requirements for a low heat transfer coefficient, as well as high light transmittance in winter; it is also necessary to prevent excessive heat loss due to air infiltration through the exterior windows during winter ； 6. Adoption of green roof technology ； From the perspective of building equipment: 1. Design the ventilation system properly and install a heat recovery system, which can significantly reduce the energy losses in the building’s fresh air system ； 2. Reasonably design central air conditioning systems, such as low-temperature air supply technology, radiant cooling technology, zoned air handling technology, ice-based cold storage technology, geothermal heat pump technology, and so on ； Other building energy-saving technologies: 1. Breathing curtain walls: These involve creating an air layer between the curtain wall and the internal structure, allowing this air layer to exchange air with the outside environment or not, thereby enabling insulation or heat exchange when necessary ； 2. Phase-change energy storage technology: This technique makes use of the property that substances release or absorb large amounts of heat when changing from a solid state to a liquid state, or from a liquid state to a solid state, in order to slow down temperature changes in buildings or to store heat ； 3. Thermoelectric cooling combined system: Utilizes natural gas or other fuels for thermoelectric power generation, with the excess steam being used for heating in winter or cooling in summer ； 4. Solar hot water technology (or solar thermoelectric cooling systems): Utilizes solar collectors to produce hot water (which can also be used for power generation). 5. Building-integrated photovoltaic power generation: Uses photovoltaic cells to convert sunlight into electricity ； 6. Solar air conditioning

From a planning perspective: 1. Determine the orientation of the building and its shape in a rational manner; 2. For complexes consisting of multiple buildings, organize their layout properly so that the entire complex can make more efficient use of sunlight and natural ventilation. From an architectural design perspective: 1. Design exterior windows appropriately – larger windows result in higher energy consumption, while too small windows compromise the building’s lighting and aesthetics; 2. Where necessary, light-filled atriums can be incorporated within the building; 3. Organize natural ventilation within the building effectively; 4. Use high-efficiency insulation materials for the building’s exterior; 5. The exterior windows should be designed carefully to meet requirements for low heat transfer coefficients, high light transmittance in winter, and to prevent excessive heat loss through those windows in winter; 6. Employ roof greening techniques. From the perspective of building equipment: 1. Design ventilation systems properly and install heat recovery systems, which can significantly reduce energy losses in the building’s fresh air system; 2. Design central air conditioning systems effectively, using technologies such as low-temperature air supply, radiant cooling, zoned air conditioning, ice storage cooling, and geothermal heat pumps. Other building energy-saving technologies include: 1. Breathing facades: These involve creating an air layer between the facade and the internal structure, allowing this air layer to exchange heat with the outside environment when needed, thereby providing insulation or heat exchange functions; 2. Phase-change energy storage technology: This utilizes the property of substances to release or absorb large amounts of heat during phase changes from solid to liquid or vice versa, thereby slowing down temperature changes in the building or storing heat; 3. Thermoelectric cooling technology: This uses natural gas or other fuels to generate electricity, with any excess steam being used for heating in winter or cooling in summer; 4. Solar hot water technology (or solar thermoelectric cooling systems): Solar collectors are used to produce hot water (which can also be used for electricity generation); 5. Integrated solar photovoltaic power generation: Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity; 6. Solar air conditioning

From a planning perspective: 1. Determine the orientation of the building and its shape in a rational manner; 2. For complexes consisting of multiple buildings, organize their layout properly so that the entire complex can make more efficient use of sunlight and natural ventilation. From an architectural design perspective: 1. Design exterior windows appropriately – larger windows result in higher energy consumption, while too small windows compromise the building’s lighting and aesthetics; 2. Where necessary, light-filled atriums can be incorporated within the building; 3. Organize natural ventilation within the building effectively; 4. Use high-efficiency insulation materials for the building’s exterior; 5. The exterior windows should be designed carefully to meet requirements for low heat transfer coefficients, high light transmittance in winter, and to prevent excessive heat loss through those windows in winter; 6. Employ roof greening techniques. From the perspective of building equipment: 1. Design ventilation systems properly and install heat recovery systems, which can significantly reduce energy losses in the building’s fresh air system; 2. Design central air conditioning systems effectively, using technologies such as low-temperature air supply, radiant cooling, zoned air conditioning, ice storage cooling, and geothermal heat pumps. Other building energy-saving technologies include: 1. Breathing facades: These involve creating an air layer between the facade and the internal structure, allowing this air layer to exchange heat with the outside environment when needed, thereby providing insulation or heat exchange functions; 2. Phase-change energy storage technology: This utilizes the property of substances to release or absorb large amounts of heat during phase changes from solid to liquid or vice versa, thereby slowing down temperature changes in the building or storing heat; 3. Thermoelectric cooling technology: This uses natural gas or other fuels to generate electricity, with any excess steam being used for heating in winter or cooling in summer; 4. Solar hot water technology (or solar thermoelectric cooling systems): Solar collectors are used to produce hot water (which can also be used for electricity generation); 5. Integrated solar photovoltaic power generation: Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity; 6. Solar air conditioning

From a planning perspective: 1. Determine the orientation of the building and its shape in a rational manner; 2. For complexes consisting of multiple buildings, organize their layout properly so that the entire complex can make more efficient use of sunlight and natural ventilation. From an architectural design perspective: 1. Design exterior windows appropriately – larger windows result in higher energy consumption, while too small windows can affect the building’s lighting and aesthetics; 2. Where necessary, light-filled atriums can be incorporated within the building; 3. Organize natural ventilation within the building effectively; 4. Use high-efficiency insulation materials for the building’s exterior; 5. The exterior windows should be designed carefully to meet requirements for low heat transfer coefficients, high light transmittance in winter, and to prevent excessive heat loss through the windows in winter; 6. Consider using roof greening techniques. From the perspective of building equipment: 1. Design ventilation systems properly and install heat recovery systems, which can significantly reduce energy losses in the building’s fresh air system; 2. Design central air conditioning systems effectively, using technologies such as low-temperature air supply, radiant cooling, zoned air conditioning, ice storage cooling, and geothermal heat pumps. Other building energy-saving technologies include: 1. Breathing facades – these involve creating an air layer between the facade and the internal structure, allowing this air layer to exchange heat with the outside environment when needed, thereby providing insulation or heat exchange functions; 2. Phase-change energy storage technology – this takes advantage of the fact that substances release or absorb large amounts of heat when changing from solid to liquid or vice versa, thereby slowing down temperature changes in the building or storing heat; 3. Thermoelectric cooling technology – this uses natural gas or other fuels to generate electricity, with any excess steam being used for heating in winter or cooling in summer; 4. Solar hot water technology (or solar thermoelectric cooling systems) – these utilize solar collectors to produce hot water (which can also be used for electricity generation)

From a planning perspective: 1. Determine the orientation of the building and its shape in a rational manner; 2. For complexes consisting of multiple buildings, organize their layout properly so that the entire complex can make more efficient use of sunlight and natural ventilation. From an architectural design perspective: 1. Design exterior windows appropriately – larger windows result in higher energy consumption, while too small windows compromise the building’s lighting and aesthetics; 2. Where necessary, light-filled atriums can be incorporated within the building; 3. Organize natural ventilation within the building effectively; 4. Use high-efficiency insulation materials for the building’s exterior; 5. The exterior windows should be designed carefully to meet requirements for low heat transfer coefficients, high light transmittance in winter, and to prevent excessive heat loss through those windows in winter; 6. Employ roof greening techniques. From the perspective of building equipment: 1. Design ventilation systems properly and install heat recovery systems, which can significantly reduce energy losses in the building’s fresh air system; 2. Design central air conditioning systems effectively, using technologies such as low-temperature air supply, radiant cooling, zoned air conditioning, ice storage cooling, and geothermal heat pumps. Other building energy-saving technologies include: 1. Breathing facades: These involve creating an air layer between the facade and the internal structure, allowing this air layer to exchange heat with the outside environment when needed, thereby providing insulation or heat exchange functions; 2. Phase-change energy storage technology: This utilizes the property of substances to release or absorb large amounts of heat during phase changes from solid to liquid or vice versa, thereby slowing down temperature changes in the building or storing heat; 3. Thermoelectric cooling technology: This uses natural gas or other fuels to generate electricity, with any excess steam being used for heating in winter or cooling in summer; 4. Solar hot water technology (or solar thermoelectric cooling systems): Solar collectors are used to produce hot water (which can also be used for electricity generation); 5. Integrated solar photovoltaic power generation: Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity; 6. Solar air conditioning