Question bank for the theoretical examination of pressure vessel operators: II. Fill-in-the-blank questions

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211. The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China stipulates that socialist public property is inviolable and **must be protected. Any organization or individual is prohibited from using any means to **appropriate** collective property. 212. The Labor Law of the People’s Republic of China stipulates that workers engaged in special types of work must undergo specialized training and obtain the necessary qualifications for such work. 213. The Work Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China stipulates that work safety management shall adhere to the principle of ( ). 214. The Work Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China stipulates that employees of production and business entities have the ( ) to obtain work safety protections in accordance with the law, and shall fulfill their ( ) regarding work safety in accordance with the law. 215. The Work Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China stipulates that production and business operation entities shall ( ) and ( ) their employees to strictly abide by the entity’s work safety rules and regulations as well as safety operating procedures ； And inform practitioners about the hazardous factors present in the workplace and at their job positions, as well as the preventive measures and emergency response procedures in case of accidents. 216. The Regulations on the Safety Supervision of Special Equipment stipulate that users of special equipment shall conduct regular daily maintenance on the special equipment in use and perform periodic self-inspections. The users of special equipment shall conduct self-inspections on the special equipment in use once a month and prepare ( ). When the users of special equipment detect any abnormalities during self-inspections and routine maintenance of such equipment, they shall ( ). The users of special equipment shall conduct regular ( ) on the safety accessories, safety protection devices, and related measuring and control instruments of the special equipment in use, and make ( ). 217. The Regulations on the Safety Supervision of Special Equipment stipulate that special equipment operators shall, upon discovering potential accident hazards during operation, immediately report them to the on-site safety management personnel and the person in charge of the unit. 218. The Regulations on the Safety Supervision of Special Equipment stipulate that entities responsible for the production and use of special equipment shall establish and improve safety management systems for such equipment as well as safety responsibility systems for specific positions. The principal responsible persons of entities that produce or use special equipment shall be responsible for the safety ( ) of such equipment within their respective entities. 219. The Regulations on the Safety Supervision of Special Equipment stipulate that if a unit using special equipment falls under any of the following circumstances, the department responsible for the safety supervision and management of special equipment shall order it to make corrections within a specified time limit ； If no corrective measures are taken within the specified timeframe, the use of the equipment shall be prohibited, or operations shall be suspended for rectification. A fine of up to ( ) shall be imposed: (1) Failure to establish a safety management organization for special equipment or to appoint full-time or part-time safety managers as required by these regulations ； (2) Persons engaged in special equipment operations who start working without obtaining the corresponding certificates for such operations ； (3) Failure to provide safety education and training on special equipment to operators of special equipment. 220. The \"Regulations on Safety Inspection of Pressure Vessels\" stipulate that when a pressure vessel exhibits one of the following abnormal conditions, the operator shall immediately take ( ), and in accordance with the prescribed ( ) procedures, carry out actions promptly ( ). (1) The operating pressure of the pressure vessel, the temperature of the medium, or the wall temperature exceeds the specified values, and effective control cannot be achieved despite taking measures ； (2) Cracks, bulging, deformation, leakage, or other safety-threatening phenomena occurring in the main pressure-bearing components of the pressure vessel ； (3) Failure of safety accessories ； (4) Damage to couplings and fasteners makes it difficult to ensure safe operation ； (5) Occurrence of fires or other situations that directly threaten the safe operation of pressure vessels ； (6) Overfilling ； (7) The liquid level in the pressure vessel exceeds the specified limit; measures taken still fail to bring it under effective control ； (8) Severe vibration in pressure vessels and pipelines, posing a threat to safe operation ； (9) Other abnormal conditions. 221. The “Regulations on Safety Inspection Techniques for Pressure Vessels” stipulate that the site where pressure vessel pressure tests are conducted must have reliable ( ), and it must be approved by the unit’s technical supervisor and the safety department ( ). During the withstand voltage test, no work related to ( ) shall be carried out, and unauthorized personnel shall not be present at the test site ( ). 222. The “Regulations on Safety Inspection of Pressure Vessels” stipulate that pressure vessel pressure tests are divided into ( ) two types. 223. The \"Regulations on Safety Inspection of Pressure Vessels\" stipulate that during the pressure testing of pressure vessels, it is not allowed to tighten bolts under pressure or apply external force to the stressed components. 224. The \"Regulations on Safety Inspection of Pressure Vessels\" stipulate that when conducting pressure tests on in-service fixed medium and low-pressure vessels made of steel and non-ferrous metals, the test pressure using liquid (water) should be ( ) times the maximum operating pressure, while the test pressure using gas should be ( ) times the maximum operating pressure. 225. The \"Regulations on Safety Inspection of Pressure Vessels\" stipulate that the safety accessories used for pressure vessels generally include ( ), burst disc devices, emergency shut-off devices, ( ), level gauges, ( ), and ( ) devices for quick-opening pressure vessels, among others. 226. The Regulations on Safety Technical Inspection of Pressure Vessels stipulate that the quick-opening doors (covers) of quick-opening pressure vessels shall be equipped with safety interlock devices and shall have the following functions: (1) The function of preventing pressurization until the quick-opening door reaches its predetermined closed position ； (2) Only when the internal pressure of the pressure vessel has been completely released and the safety interlock device has been disengaged, can the ( ) function of the quick-opening door be activated ； (3) It has a ( ) function that is synchronized with the above. 227. The \"Regulations on Safety Inspection of Pressure Vessels\" is one of the specific regulations under the \"Regulations on Safety Inspection of Special Equipment\", and it is a departmental administrative regulation with ( ). 228. When relevant standards or the rules and regulations of departments, enterprises, and institutions conflict with the \"Regulations on Safety Supervision of Pressure Vessels,\" the requirements of ( ) shall prevail in all cases. 229. Safety accessories for pressure vessels ( ) fall under the jurisdiction of the “Regulations on Safety Technical Supervision of Pressure Vessels”. 230. The scope of application of the \"Regulations on Safety Supervision of Pressure Vessels\" specifies the following three conditions: (1) The maximum operating pressure (Pw) is greater than or equal to ( ) Mpa (excluding hydrostatic pressure) ； (2) The inner diameter (for non-circular cross-sections, it refers to the maximum dimension of the cross-section) is greater than or equal to 0.15 m. And the volume (V) is greater than or equal to 0.025 m³ ； (3) The medium is a gas, liquefied gas, or a liquid whose maximum operating temperature is equal to or higher than its ( ). 231. The \"Regulations on the Safety Inspection of Gas Cylinders\" stipulate that before filling gas cylinders, the filling unit shall assign a dedicated person to conduct a pre-filling inspection of the cylinders, to verify the conditions inside them and to keep records thereof. Cylinders manufactured by units without a manufacturing license, as well as imported cylinders that have not been approved by safety supervision authorities, shall not be filled. ( ) Filling of cylinders that have passed their inspection deadline or modified cylinders is prohibited. 232. The Regulations on Safety Supervision of Gas Cylinders stipulate that filling devices for permanent gases must prevent the incorrect filling of flammable gases with ( ), and also prevent the incorrect filling of ( ). The pressure at 20°C after inflation shall not exceed the ( ) of the gas cylinder. 233. The \"Regulations on Safety Inspection of Gas Cylinders\" specify that the inspection cycle for various types of gas cylinders shall not exceed the following limits: (1) Gas cylinders containing corrosive gases, scuba diving cylinders, and those that are in frequent contact with seawater must be inspected every ( ) years. (2) Cylinders containing general gases shall be inspected once every ( ) years. (3) Cylinders filled with inert gas shall be inspected every ( ) years. (4) Liquefied petroleum gas cylinders, in accordance with the provisions of **Standard GB 8334. (5) Cryogenic insulated gas cylinders shall be inspected once every ( ) years. (6) LPG cylinders for vehicles must be inspected every ( ) years, while CNG cylinders for vehicles must be inspected every ( ) years. 234. The Regulations on Safety Supervision of Gas Cylinders stipulate that when gas cylinders are transported by vehicle, they must be properly secured. When standing upright, the height of the cargo compartment should be at least ( ) times the height of the bottles. When laid horizontally, the valve ends of the bottles should face the same direction; the stack height must not exceed ( ), nor should it surpass a height of ( ). 235. The “Regulations on the Safety Supervision of Gas Cylinders” stipulate that when transporting, loading, and unloading gas cylinders, cylinder caps must be properly fitted (except for cylinders with protective covers), anti-vibration rings must be used (except for bundled cylinders). Handling should be done gently; it is strictly prohibited to ( ). 236. The regular inspection of acetylene cylinders should be carried out every ( ) years. Acetylene cylinders that have been in stock or out of use for more than ( ) years should be inspected before being put back into use. 237. The filling unit for acetylene cylinders should maintain relative stability in the inspectors who conduct pre-filling inspections and the operators who carry out the filling process, and should regularly conduct ( ) on them. 238. For all accessories in contact with acetylene, it is strictly prohibited to use copper alloys with a copper content of ( ), as well as silver, zinc, cadmium and their alloy materials. 239. Filling operation of acetylene cylinders: The volumetric flow rate during filling should be properly controlled; generally, it should not be less than () m³/h·L ； The bottle wall temperature must not exceed ( ). During filling, it can be cooled by spraying with tap water or by forced cooling ； It is generally filled in two stages, with an interval of no less than ( ) hours between them. 240. When using acetylene cylinders, measures should be taken to prevent them from being exposed to direct sunlight or heat; it is strictly prohibited to heat the acetylene cylinders with hot water at ( ) degrees Celsius or higher, or with any other heat source. 241. Depending on the method of installation, pressure vessels can be divided into two main categories: ( ) pressure vessels and ( ) pressure vessels. Tanks and tank trucks are considered mobile pressure vessels. 242. A spherical pressure vessel consists of ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), and auxiliary facilities, etc. 243. A cylindrical pressure vessel consists of components such as ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), and ( ). 244. Currently, the structural types of pressure steam sterilizers include various forms such as ( ) type, ( ) type, circular ( ) type, rectangular ( ) type, and more. 245. The legal unit of measurement for pressure is the pascal, or simply “Pa”. Since the value of 1 Pa is too small, in engineering practice “megapascal” is commonly used as the basic unit for expressing pressure. 246. After stamping, oval end caps experience significant deformation and considerable thinning in areas with high curvature; the degree of thinning in carbon steel oval end caps can reach ( ) ； After stamping, the spherical head experiences significant thinning at its bottom and in the 20°–30° range, which can reach (). 247. Flange connection is the type of connection used for openings such as those for process, monitoring, and safety accessories on pressure vessels. 248. Flange connection involves using bolts to clamp the ( ) between the sealing surfaces, thereby ensuring the seal at the joint. 249. Opening reinforcement generally employs ( ) and ( ) as the two methods. 250. Strength refers to the capacity of a container, under a certain pressure or other external loads, to resist ( ) or ( ) deformation. 251. Container stability failure refers to a sudden change that occurs when the external loads on the container reach a certain limit, causing the container to lose its operational capacity. 252. The test temperature indicated on the nameplate of a pressure vessel refers to the average temperature of the vessel’s shell along its cross-sectional thickness. 253. When the vapors of flammable gases or liquids, or flammable dusts, mix with ( ), and reach a certain concentration, they will explode when exposed to an ignition source; this concentration range is known as the explosive limit. 254. For combustion to occur, three conditions must be met simultaneously: ( ), ( ), ( ). 255. There are two measures to prevent the combustion and explosion of flammable materials: one is the control of ( ), and the other is preventing the ( ) of flammable materials. 256. Three conditions must be present for combustion to occur: first, a combustible material; second, an oxidizing agent; and third, a ignition point. It is ( ) that ensures the combustible material reaches its ignition point and combustion takes place. 257. The explosion limit refers to the range of concentrations at which a mixture of flammable gases, vapors of flammable liquids, or flammable dusts and ( ) reaches a certain level, and will explode when exposed to an ignition source; this range of concentrations is known as the explosion limit. 258. In the actual production process, toxic substances often exist in the form of ( ), contaminating the environment and thereby causing harm to the human body. 259. Productive poisons are classified according to their degree of harm to the human body as: (1) Extremely harmful ( )