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1. Mechanism of corrosion: Corrosion is a degradation process in which metal undergoes physical or chemical reactions with the environmental medium surrounding it, as a result of electrochemical or electrochemical-like processes. Its main feature is that it can easily cause damage to metal or non-metal components in the system. Due to the imperfections in the system, oxygen gets in, resulting in excessive heat loss from the system and thus high water replenishment needs. Moreover, most systems lack deoxidization equipment or have malfunctioning deoxidizers, all of which exacerbate the severity of oxygen corrosion. 2. Formation of scale and sludge: Scaling salts such as calcium and magnesium in water tend to form adhesive deposits on the heat exchange surfaces of the system, resulting in scale formation. The formation of these scale deposits not only causes corrosion beneath the scale but also reduces the efficiency of the heat exchanger, leading to a decrease in heat transfer capacity and thus affecting the quality of heat supply ； Severe cases can cause the heat exchanger to become clogged. 3. Causes of equipment and pipeline blockages Equipment and pipeline blockages occur due to an excessively high concentration of suspended solids in the circulating water, or because particles of large diameter cannot pass through the gaps in the internal flow channels of the equipment. When the suspended solids concentration is too high, deposition occurs in areas of the system where the flow velocity is low, resulting in sludge. In severe cases, local blockages occur, which affects the water supply volume and reduces heat transfer efficiency.