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The corrosive environments in oil production and transportation systems mainly include the following aspects: Soil corrosion: As a corrosive medium, soil has uneven properties and structure; the capillary pores or voids between soil particles are filled with air, water, and dissolved salts, forming electrolytes. The characteristics of the soil corrosion process include the formation of corrosion cells due to electrochemical heterogeneity; the cathodic process is primarily driven by the depolarization of oxygen, and the structure and moisture content of the soil have a significant impact on the flow of oxygen. The factors affecting soil corrosion include soil properties (porosity, moisture content, resistivity, pH value, and salt content), stray currents, and microorganisms in the soil (such as sulfate-reducing bacteria). Production water corrosion: During oil field development, the water injection process leads to an increase in the water content in the produced water, and the wastewater from oil fields causes corrosion of metal equipment and pipelines. The factors affecting the corrosion of produced water include dissolved oxygen (corrosion of carbon steel can occur at concentrations below 0.1 mg/L), hydrogen sulfide, bacterial corrosion (such as sulfate-reducing bacteria), dissolved salts, pH value, water temperature, flow rate, and cavitation erosion. Atmospheric corrosion: Although it is not the primary corrosion environment, oil production and transportation systems can also be affected by atmospheric corrosion. Measures to prevent atmospheric corrosion include improving the corrosion resistance of materials, using surface coatings for protection, altering the local atmospheric conditions, proper design, and environmental protection. In summary, the corrosion environments in oil production and transportation systems are complex and diverse; it is necessary to take various factors into account and implement appropriate protective measures.