Introduction to binary azeotropes formed by some solvents and water

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Solvent Boiling Point/°C Azeotrope Temperature/°C Water Content/% Solvent Boiling Point/°C Azeotrope Temperature/°C Water Content/% Chloroform 61.2 56.1 2.5 Toluene 110.5 85.0 20 Carbon tetrachloride 77.0 66.0 4.0 n-Propanol 97.2 87.7 28.8 Benzene 80.4 69.2 8.8 Isobutanol 108.4 89.9 88.2 Acrylonitrile 78.0 70.0 13.0 Xylene 137–40.5 92.0 37.5 Dichloroethane 83.7 72.0 19.5 n-Butanol 117.7 92.2 37.5 Ethyl cyanoacetate 82.0 76.0 16.0 Pyridine 115.5 94.0 42 Ethanol 78.3 78.1 4.4 Isopentanol 131.0 95.1 49.6 Ethyl acetate 77.1 70.4 8.0 n-Pentanol 138.3 95.4 44.7 Isopropanol 82.4 80.4 12.1 Chloroethanol 129.0 97.8 59.0 Diethyl ether 35 34 1.0 Carbon disulfide 46 44 2.0 Formic acid 101 107 26 Azeotrope: A mixture with a constant boiling point formed by two (or more) liquids is called an azeotropic mixture; it refers to a mixed solution in which the composition of the gas phase and the liquid phase is exactly the same at equilibrium.