【Haichuan Safety Discussion】A034-Do you know what the onion principle is?
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This post was last edited by Desert Fish on 2023-12-13 08:03. From a security management perspective, security protections can be summarized as a layered structure, similar to an onion structure, with layers stacked one upon another. The most crucial element is process design, which is followed in sequence by basic process control, alarms and operator intervention, automatically operated safety instrument systems (SIS) or emergency shutdown systems (ESD), relief facilities, physical protection, and emergency response measures (such as water spraying).
The 8 protection layers can be further divided into 3 main categories: the core layer focuses on the intrinsic safety of the process, the middle layer deals with the intrinsic safety of the equipment and instruments, while the outermost layer consists of safety protection measures and management strategies. (1) Inherent process safety. Based on the basic physical and chemical properties of the materials, such as the quantity of chemicals, their characteristics, and the manufacturing process, it is possible to prevent equipment damage, injuries to personnel, and environmental harm; this is done rather than relying solely on control systems, interlock systems, alarms, and operating procedures to avoid accidents. In the long term, intrinsically safe processes are the safest and most cost-effective. (2) Intrinsic safety of equipment instruments. Thanks to the safety features inherent in their design, the equipment’s instruments ensure the safety of operators, as well as that of the equipment or system, even in the event of operator errors or unsafe behaviors, thereby preventing accidents. Intrinsically safe equipment instruments: fail-safe, fault-safe. (3) Safety protection measures and management measures. Safety protection measures and management measures: location selection, overall plant layout, fire and explosion prevention facilities, safety, environmental protection, and fire suppression measures, emergency rescue measures, and the establishment of safety management systems. Emergency measures include both the factory’s internal emergency response plan and the emergency plans for residents living in the area surrounding the factory as well as public facilities.
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