Triphenylphosphine and its derivatives

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Feasibility Study Report on a Project to Produce 10,000 Tons per Year of Triphenylphosphine and Its Derivatives – So-and-so Company. I. Feasibility Study Report on the Project to Produce 10,000 Tons per Year of Triphenylphosphine. 1. Product Overview: Triphenylphosphine is a key raw material for rhodium-phosphine complex catalysts, and it has wide applications in the petroleum and chemical industries both domestically and internationally. Triphenylphosphine is also used in the pharmaceutical industry, organic synthesis, analysis, and other fields. Triphenylphosphine can be used as a catalyst in organic synthesis, a stabilizer in dye manufacturing, and also as an analytical reagent; therefore, it holds broad prospects for application in areas such as petrochemicals, organic synthesis, dyes, the pharmaceutical industry, and analysis. 2. Market research: Given the wide range of applications for triphenylphosphine, and with the continuous development of downstream products in recent years, demand for this substance has further increased. Currently, there are over a dozen manufacturers of triphenylphosphine in China; among them, 3–4 are interested in expanding their production capacity, while 2–3 new manufacturers intend to enter this industry. Due to limitations related to the technical level of triphenylphosphine production, existing domestic manufacturers generally have small production scales, outdated technology, and high costs. At present, the total domestic production volume is 15,000 tons, while the total demand exceeds 30,000 tons. Coupled with increasing export volumes, the overall deficit in China is now over 30,000 tons. Therefore, by adopting the most advanced international production technologies based on the existing product, phosphorus trichloride, and carrying out upgrades to produce 10,000 tons of triphenylphosphine per year, it is possible to achieve not only significant economic benefits but also greater social benefits. 3. Physical properties and chemical characteristics 3.1 Triphenylphosphine, also known as triphenylphosphon, has the English name triphenyiphosphine; it is simply referred to as PPH3. 3.2 Molecular formula: C18H15P. file:///C:\Users\HAJ\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wpsA853.tmp.jpg 3.3 Structural formula: 3.4 Molecular weight: 262.30 3.5 Properties: It appears as a white, loose powder or crystalline solid; it is soluble in alcohol, benzene, and trichloromethane, slightly soluble in fats, and practically insoluble in water. 3.6 Packaging: 25KG/cardboard drum. 4. Quality specifications for triphenylphosphine: Test item | Quality specification. Appearance: White crystals or white powder. Purity: ≥99% (Grade 1), ≥99.5% (Premium grade). Melting point: 78.5–81.5℃, 79–81℃. Loss on drying: ≤0.005, ≤0.002. 5. Overview of domestic production processes and characteristics of this process: 5.1 Overview of domestic production processes. Currently, the main production methods for triphenylphosphine in China are the magnesium method, the sodium method, and the improved magnesium method. Most domestic manufacturers use magnesium or sodium-based production processes. 5.2 Characteristics of this process: This process utilizes an improved magnesium-based production method. It builds upon the existing magnesium-based production techniques by optimizing and refining the core Grignard formation and magnesiumation processes. Additionally, the world’s most advanced solid distillation technology is employed in the post-treatment stage. It possesses the following characteristics: 5.2.1 The production process is stable and reliable, with a high safety factor. 5.2.2 The products have a high content and good quality; the content of such products is generally greater than 99.5%. 5.2.3 The yield of the products is high, and the costs are low. Using this process reduces costs by approximately 20% compared to other processes. 5.2.4 The process flow is simplified, resulting in lower equipment investment; the use of this process saves approximately 20% on equipment costs. 5.2.5 Low emissions of waste gases, waste water, and solid waste. The distilled water obtained using this process while recovering the by-product magnesium chloride can be reused in the hydrolysis step. The requirements of the cleaning cycle process are met. 6. Brief description of the production process and flowchart of the process 6.1 Brief description of the production process: Magnesium shavings and mixed solvents are added to a Grignard reaction reactor in certain proportions; under specific temperatures as well as in the presence of initiators and catalysts, benzyl chloride is added drop by drop to carry out the Grignard reaction, thereby producing a Grignard reaction solution. This Grignard reaction solution is then reacted with a certain amount of phosphorus trichloride to produce a phosphorylation reaction solution. The granulated reaction solution is subjected to a hydrolysis reaction with dilute hydrochloric acid of a certain concentration to produce a triphenylphosphine mixture and an aqueous magnesium chloride solution. The triphenylphosphine mixture is concentrated, distilled under high vacuum, recrystallized, and dried to yield a triphenylphosphine product with a purity of ≥99.6%. By vacuum distillation of the magnesium chloride aqueous solution, the by-product crystalline magnesium chloride is obtained. 6.2 Process flow diagram: file:///C:\Users\HAJ\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wpsA856.tmp.png Magnesium shavings, mixed solvent, magnesium chloride, initiator, phosphorus trichloride, dilute hydrochloric acid, catalyst. file:///C:\Users\HAJ\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wpsA857.tmp.png file:///C:\Users\HAJ\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wpsA858.tmp.png Oil layer, water layer, methanol, crystalline magnesium chloride, high-purity triphenylphosphine. 7. Material supply arrangement and its basis: 7.1 List of raw materials and auxiliary materials required for annual production of 10,000 tons of triphenylphosphine. Sequence Number, Name of Raw Material, Quality Specifications, Unit Consumption (T/T), Annual Consumption (T), Source. 1. Benzene chloride, ≥99%, 1.79, 1790, Jiangsu, Shandong etc. 2. Magnesium shavings, ≥98%, 0.128, 1280, Jiangsu, Shandong etc. 3. Methyl**furan, ≥99%, 0.16, 1600, Jiangsu, Shandong. 4. Toluene, ≥99%, 0.12, 1200, Jiangsu, Shandong. 5. Phosphorus trichloride, ≥99%, 0.72, 7290, supplied internally or from Jiangsu etc. 6. Hydrochloric acid, ≥30%, 0.30, 3000, Jiangsu, Shandong etc. 7. Methanol, ≥99%, 0.50, 5000, Jiangsu, Shandong etc. 8. Catalyst, ≥99%, 0.08, 800, manufactured internally or from Jiangsu. 9. Cardboard drums, 25 kg/drum, 40,400,000, Jiangsu, Shandong. 7.2 All the raw materials and auxiliary materials required for this product can be purchased in the province itself as well as in neighboring provinces, and there is an ample supply in the market. 7.3 The energy sources used for this product, such as electricity, steam, and tap water, are readily available. Electricity is supplied directly from the Xuzhou power grid, with the company equipped with emergency power sources (its own generators). The steam is supplied by a new 50t/h energy-saving boiler installed by the company. The coal comes from Xuzhou or neighboring provinces, while the tap water is provided by the Jiawang District Water Plant in Xuzhou. Recirculated water and chilled water are supplied by the company’s water supply station. 8. List of main equipment and associated investments:
| No. | Equipment name | Quantity | Specifications | Material | Unit price | Total price | Place of origin |
|-----|----------------|----------|----------------|----------|------------|-------------|-----------------|
| 1 | Reactors | 28 sets | 15,000 L | Enameled steel | 190,000 RMB | 5,320,000 RMB | Jiangsu, Shandong, etc. |
| 2 | Reactors | 14 sets | 20,000 L | Enameled steel | 200,000 RMB | 2,800,000 RMB | Jiangsu, Shandong, etc. |
| 3 | Crystallization vessels | 20 sets | 20,000 L | Enameled steel | 200,000 RMB | 4,000,000 RMB | Jiangsu, Shandong, etc. |
| 4 | Concentration and dehydration towers | 8 sets | Diameter: 1m; Height: 20m | Stainless steel | 500,000 RMB | 4,000,000 RMB | Jiangsu, Shandong, etc. |
| 5 | Concentration and dehydration vessels | 6 units | 60 m³ | Stainless steel | 650,000 RMB | 3,900,000 RMB | Jiangsu, Shandong, etc. |
| 6 | High-vacuum distillation towers | 4 sets | Diameter: 1m; Height: 25m | Stainless steel | 800,000 RMB | 3,200,000 RMB | Jiangsu, Shandong, etc. |
| 7 | High-vacuum distillation vessels | 6 units | 20,000 L | Stainless steel | 320,000 RMB | 1,920,000 RMB | Jiangsu, Shandong, etc. |
| 8 | Finished product metering tanks | 12 units | 5,000 L | Stainless steel | 80,000 RMB | 960,000 RMB | Self-manufactured |
| 9 | Finished product receiving tanks | 18 units | 5,000 L | Stainless steel | 80,000 RMB | 1,440,000 RMB | Self-manufactured |
| 10 | Conical vacuum dryers | 10 units | 10,000 L | Stainless steel | 150,000 RMB | 1,500,000 RMB | Jiangsu, Shandong, etc. |
| 11 | Vibrators | 12 units | Diameter: 1,500 mm | Stainless steel | 80,000 RMB | 960,000 RMB | Jiangsu, Shandong, etc. |
| 12 | Automatic centrifuges | 5 units | Capacity: 10,000 L/h | Carbon steel | 400,000 RMB | 2,000,000 RMB | Jiangsu, Shandong, etc. |
| 13 | Boilers | 2 units | Capacity: 50 T/h | Carbon steel | 1,000,000 RMB | 2,000,000 RMB | Jiangsu, Shandong, etc. |
| 14 | Thermal oil heaters | 2 units | Capacity: 5 million kcal/h | Carbon steel | 650,000 RMB | 1,300,000 RMB | Jiangsu, Shandong, etc. |
| 15 | Screw-type refrigeration units | 3 units | Capacity: 2 million kcal/h | Carbon steel | 1,000,000 RMB | 3,000,000 RMB | Jiangsu, Liaoning, etc. |
| 16 | Cooling towers | 2 units | Capacity: 2,000 m³/h | Fiberglass-reinforced plastic | 350,000 RMB | 700,000 RMB | Jiangsu, Shandong, etc. |
| 17 | Reduced-pressure distillation vessels | 12 units | 20,000 L | Enameled steel | 200,000 RMB | 2,400,000 RMB | Jiangsu, Shandong, etc. |
| 18 | Vacuum filtration tanks | 10 units | Diameter: 2.5m; Volume: 2 m³ | Polypropylene | 12,000 RMB | 120,000 RMB | Jiangsu, Shandong, etc. |
| 19 | Horizontal storage tanks | 3 units | 200 m³ | Carbon steel | 150,000 RMB | 450,000 RMB | Self-manufactured<br>4 units: 100 m³; Carbon steel: 90,000 RMB each<br>4 units: 100 m³; Polypropylene: 90,000 RMB each |
| 20 | Metering tanks | 14 units | 20 m³ | Carbon steel | 15,000 RMB each | 210,000 RMB | Self-manufactured<br>28 units: 2,000 L; Enameled steel: 30,000 RMB each<br>14 units: 10,000 L; Enameled steel: 150,000 RMB each |
| 21 | Storage tanks | 3 units | 200 m³ | Carbon steel | 150,000 RMB each | 450,000 RMB | Self-manufactured<br>6 units: 100 m³; Carbon steel: 90,000 RMB each |
| 22 | Shell-and-tube condensers | 28 units | Surface area: 50 m² | Carbon steel | 50,000 RMB each | 1,400,000 RMB | Jiangsu, Shandong, etc.<br>42 units: Surface area: 30 m²; Carbon steel: 33,000 RMB each<br>10 units: Enameled plate-type condensers; Surface area: 20 m²; Enameled steel: 20,000 RMB each |
| 23 | Water-jet vacuum units | 52 sets | Volume: 1.5 m³ | Polypropylene | 10,000 RMB each | 520,000 RMB | Jiangsu, Shandong, etc. |
| 24 | Vertical oil-free vacuum pumps | 4 units | Flow rate: 1,000 L/min | Carbon steel | 25,000 RMB each | 100,000 RMB | Jiangsu, Shandong, etc. |
| 25 | Roots water-circulation vacuum pump units | 4 sets | Flow rate: 1,000 L/min | Carbon steel | 65,000 RMB each | 260,000 RMB | Jiangsu, Shandong, etc. |
| 26 | Fluoroplastic centrifugal pumps | 50 units | Flow rate: 30 m³/h; Head: 30 m | Fluoroplastic | 10,000 RMB each | 500,000 RMB | Jiangsu, Shandong, etc. |
| 27 | Cooling water pumps | 6 units | Flow rate: 500 m³/h; Head: 35 m | Carbon steel | 26,000 RMB each | 156,000 RMB | Jiangsu, Shandong, etc. |
| 28 | Chilled water pumps | 3 units | Flow rate: 250 m³/h; Head: 35 m | Carbon steel | 15,000 RMB each | 45,000 RMB | Jiangsu, Shandong, etc. |
| 29 | Water circulation pumps | 6 units | Flow rate: 200 m³/h; Head: 25 m | Carbon steel | 12,000 RMB each | 72,000 RMB | Jiangsu, Shandong, etc. |
| 30 | Peristaltic pumps | 10 units | Flow rate: 20 m³/h; Head: 50 m | Carbon steel | 30,000 RMB each | 300,000 RMB | Jiangsu, Shandong, etc. |
| 31 | Transformers, distribution cabinets, cables, etc. | 8,000 kVA | 10,000,000 RMB | 10,000,000 RMB | Jiangsu, Shandong, etc. |
| 32 | Analytical instruments | – | 2,000,000 RMB | 2,000,000 RMB | Jiangsu, Shandong, etc. |
| 33 | Pipes, valves, platforms, etc. | – | 8,000,000 RMB | 8,000,000 RMB | Jiangsu, Shandong, etc. |
| 34 | Wastewater treatment equipment | 1 set | 5,000,000 RMB | 5,000,000 RMB | Jiangsu, Shandong, etc. |
| 35 | Installation costs | – | 7,000,000 RMB | 7,000,000 RMB |
| 36 | Technology transfer fees | – | 1,500,000 RMB | 1,500,000 RMB |
| 37 | Factory building and civil construction costs | – | 15,000,000 RMB | 15,000,000 RMB |
| 38 | Working capital | – | 30,000,000 RMB | 30,000,000 RMB |
| 39 | **Total** | – | **130,269,000 RMB** |

9. Requirements for the factory building:
This project requires:
- One production building measuring 30m × 80m with a height of 10m.
- One auxiliary building measuring 30m × 20m with a height of 6m.
- One warehouse measuring 40m × 30m with a height of 8m.
- A foundation for a tank farm area measuring 80m × 30m. 10. Production organization and its basis 10.1 Based on the production target of 10,000 T per year, a three-shift production system is adopted. The staffing is as follows: 1 deputy production manager, 1 deputy sales manager, 5 sales staff members, 5 employees from the production technology department, 3 workshop supervisors, 3 process engineers who also serve as statisticians, 8 employees from the quality control department, 6 team leaders. There are 100 employees per shift, plus 20 administrative staff, for a total of approximately 352 people. Except for the key technical experts and top sales professionals who need to be hired externally, the remaining positions can be filled through open recruitment from the general public, with the best candidates being selected. 10.2 The production schedule is based on a capacity of 10,000 tons per year; with 300 production days in a year, the daily output is 33.3 tons, and the output per shift is 11.5 tons. 11. Environmental Pollution Control 11.1.1 No waste gas emissions: The technology used in this project is among the most advanced in the world; it features a well-designed process flow, stable and reliable core reactions, recycling of distilled water, and a simplified post-treatment process. Additionally, a two-stage condensation system is employed for solvent distillation, with the cooling water used in the second-stage condenser being low-temperature chilled water, which helps to prevent the generation of waste gas. 11.1.2 Waste residues can be sold as by-products or sent to boiler factories for use in coal. 11.1.3 A distilled water recycling system is used, so that no process wastewater is generated. The small amount of water from vacuum pumps and wastewater in the water recycling tank can be treated simply to meet discharge requirements, with the volume of wastewater being only 6 tons per day. 11.2 Safety and Occupational Health Measures The following measures are taken to ensure safety and occupational health in the use of this product: 11.2.1 The concentration of materials in the workshop is strictly controlled; all vents from the equipment are condensed through a three-stage condenser using chilled water before being discharged into the atmosphere at high altitudes outside the facility. 11.2.2 All electrical equipment and control buttons are equipped with explosion-proof features. 11.2.3 Smoking and open flames are strictly prohibited within the production area, and anti-static measures are applied to equipment and pipelines. 11.2.4 Sufficient fire-fighting equipment is provided both inside and outside the workshop in accordance with fire safety requirements, and employees are regularly trained in fire safety knowledge and given fire drills. 11.2.5 Employees’ awareness of labor protection is enhanced, and necessary protective equipment is provided. 11.2.6 Strict safety operating procedures and process guidelines are established. Before starting operations, employees receive comprehensive training on safety knowledge, operating procedures, and specific job requirements; they are only allowed to work after passing such training. 12. Schedule for Technical Upgrades and Expansion Projects This project plans to complete the preparation of the feasibility report by October 2012, with design, environmental impact assessment, and safety assessments to be completed by December 2012. The equipment installation for the new project was completed in August 2013. Trial production was carried out by vehicle in September 2013. It reached full production capacity and standards in October 2013. 13. The funding for this project comes mainly from the company’s own resources, with a small portion of the working capital available through loans from local banks. 14. Economic benefit analysis: The cost of producing 1 ton of 99.5% triphenylphosphine is used as the basis for calculation. 14.1 Consumption of main and auxiliary materials
14.1.1 Chlorobenzene: 1.79 × 0.7 ten thousand yuan/ton = 1.253 ten thousand yuan/ton
14.1.2 Magnesium shavings: 0.39 × 1.75 ten thousand yuan/ton = 0.68 ten thousand yuan/ton
14.1.3 Methyl**furan: 0.16 × 2 ten thousand yuan/ton = 0.32 ten thousand yuan/ton
14.1.4 Toluene: 0.12 × 0.7 ten thousand yuan/ton = 0.084 ten thousand yuan/ton
14.1.5 Phosphorus trichloride: 0.729 × 0.7 ten thousand yuan/ton = 0.51 ten thousand yuan/ton
14.1.6 Hydrochloric acid (31%): 0.3 × 0.05 ten thousand yuan/ton = 0.015 ten thousand yuan/ton
14.1.7 Methanol: 0.5 × 0.25 ten thousand yuan/ton = 0.125 ten thousand yuan/ton
14.1.8 Packaging drums: 0.1 ten thousand yuan/ton
14.1.9 Catalyst: 0.1 ten thousand yuan/ton
14.2 Water, electricity, and steam: 1 ten thousand yuan/ton
14.3 Labor costs: 400 people × 3 ten thousand yuan/year/person ÷ 10,000 tons/year = 0.12 ten thousand yuan/ton
14.4 Equipment depreciation: 100 million yuan × 15% ÷ 10,000 tons = 0.15 ten thousand yuan/ton
14.5 Administrative, financial, and sales expenses: 6.5 ten thousand yuan/ton × 0.03 = 0.195 ten thousand yuan/ton
14.6 Maintenance and technological improvement costs: 0.04 ten thousand yuan/ton
14.7 Taxes: 0.308 ten thousand yuan/ton
Total for 14.1–14.7: 5.0 ten thousand yuan/ton
14.8 Selling price: 6.2 ten thousand yuan/ton
14.9 Net profit per ton of product: 6.2 – 5.0 = 1.2 ten thousand yuan/ton
14.10 Net profit from annual production of 10,000 tons of triphenylphosphine: 1.2 ten thousand yuan/ton × 10,000 tons = 120 million yuan
15. Comprehensive evaluation: As mentioned above, this project utilizes the world’s most advanced production technologies, resulting in low equipment investment and high profit margins. The entire investment can be recovered within 1–2 years after normal operation. Moreover, this product is safe and reliable during production, with almost no waste emissions, which meets the requirements for chemical product investments as stipulated. Additionally, once operational, this project will contribute to the economic development of Xuzhou City by providing employment opportunities for some people. Therefore, it is not only feasible but also necessary for某某某 Company to invest in this new project.

II. Introduction to extended products of triphenylphosphine
There are many products that can be developed using triphenylphosphine as a raw material, and these products have a wide range of applications. They are mainly used to manufacture quaternary phosphonium salt phase-transfer catalysts and catalysts for coupling reactions. In organic synthesis, they serve as halogenating agents and dehydrating agents. They also have broad application prospects in the fields of medicine, dyes, and petrochemicals. Below are brief descriptions of several important extended products of triphenylphosphine:

(A) Ethyl triphenylphosphonium bromide:
1. Basic information
1.1 Chinese name: Ethyl triphenylphosphonium bromide
1.2 English name: (Ethyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide
1.3 Alternative Chinese names: Ethyl triphenylphosphonium bromide, Bromoethyl triphenylphosphonium
1.4 CAS number: 1530-32-1
1.5 Molecular formula: C20H20BrP
1.6 Structural formula: file:///C:\Users\HAJ\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wpsA878.tmp.png
1.7 Molecular weight: 371.25
1.8 Physical properties: White crystalline solid; Melting point: 206.5–208.5°C; Water solubility: 120 g/L at 23°C
1.9 Synthesis method: First, triphenylphosphine is dissolved in ethanol. Then, bromoethane, in an amount slightly greater than the molar amount of triphenylphosphine, is added. The mixture is heated under reflux for 10 hours. After verification that the reaction is complete, it is cooled to allow crystallization. The crystallized product is obtained by filtering and drying the mother liquor. 4. Uses: Mainly used as a phase-transfer catalyst and an intermediate in organic synthesis. It is also widely used in the petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries. (II) Ethoxycarbonyl ethyl triphenylphosphonium bromide 1. Basic information 1.1. Chinese name: Ethoxycarbonyl ethyl triphenylphosphonium bromide 1.2. English name: (2-ethoxy-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide 1.3. Alternative names: (1-ethoxycarbonyl ethyl) triphenylphosphonium bromide ； CEETPPB ； 1.4, CAS number: 30018-16-7; 1.5, Molecular formula: C23H24BrO2P; 1.6, Structural formula: file:///C:\Users\HAJ\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wpsA879.tmp.png; 1.7, Molecular weight: 443.322; Physical properties: white solid, melting point: 145–149°C, soluble in water. 3, Synthesis method: Under nitrogen atmosphere, a certain amount of triphenylphosphine is heated and dissolved in dried anhydrous benzene as a solvent. After dissolution, a certain amount of ethyl 2-bromopropionate is added slowly. The reaction is carried out at room temperature for 20 hours; when a large amount of white precipitate appears in the reaction mixture, and the content of triphenylphosphine in the mixture is measured