The damage caused by long-term low-load operation to the system

1. In terms of electricity, when the active power generated by generators in the power system is not sufficient to meet the demands of the electrical load, the frequency decreases. Low-frequency operation of power systems can cause significant harm. (1) A low frequency in the power system causes the speed of all motors within the system to decrease accordingly. When the frequency is reduced by 2.5%, the speed of the induction motor decreases by about 4%. When the speed of the auxiliary motors in a power plant decreases, it also affects the output of associated equipment such as feedwater pumps and fans, further reducing the generator’s output. This creates a vicious cycle, and in severe cases it can lead to serious incidents such as the disconnection of the power system. (2) When the low-frequency level of the power system drops to 45–47 Hz, the vibration stress on the turbine blades can increase significantly, sometimes by up to 10 times compared to normal conditions, which may lead to blade failure and accidents. (3) A low frequency in the power system can affect the speed of motors, directly impacting the normal production processes and product quality in industrial enterprises, and may even lead to accidents. (4) Low frequency in the power system can also affect people’s lives and other activities. For example, broadcast communications are affected, which has a negative impact on research projects and can even prevent them from functioning properly. 2. Energy is wasted in terms of equipment; operating at low load for extended periods can lead to shaft failure. 3. Safety is compromised: at low loads, various operating devices, instruments, and valves operate in a low-load state, resulting in poor responsiveness and an increased risk of accidents.