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There are two process flows for the DDS biological desulfurization technology: one is the jet self-priming air regeneration process, and the other is the high tower regeneration process. The process is described as follows: a. Jet self-priming air regeneration process. Description of the jet self-priming air regeneration process: Gas flow: Gas containing hydrogen sulfide and/or organic sulfur enters the desulfurization tower from its bottom ; In the desulfurization tower, the gas comes into uniform counter-current contact with the desulfurization lean liquid that is sprayed from the top, and the hydrogen sulfide and/or organic sulfur in the gas are absorbed by this lean liquid ; The desulfurization lean liquid, which has absorbed hydrogen sulfide and/or organic sulfur, is converted into a desulfurization rich liquid and flows out from the bottom of the desulfurization tower ; The gas free of hydrogen sulfide and/or organic sulfur flows out from the top of the desulfurization tower to be used as industrial feed gas. Liquid flow: The desulfurization-rich liquid flowing out from the bottom of the desulfurization tower is pressurized by a desulfurization-rich liquid pump, then enters an injector where it mixes with the air injected therein; subsequently, it passes through an injection tail pipe to enter the injection regeneration tower from the bottom ; In the spray regeneration tower, the sulfides present in the desulfurization-rich liquid are converted into elemental sulfur foam under the combined action of DDS-Fe and sulfur-loving, oxygen-consuming, heat-resistant, and alkali-resistant bacteria, and this foam flows out through the foam overflow port of the spray regeneration tower ; After regeneration, the desulfurization rich liquid is converted into desulfurization lean liquid, which flows out from the outlet of the desulfurization lean liquid in the spray regeneration tower and enters the desulfurization lean liquid tank. From there, it is pumped back into the desulfurization tower from the top of the tower by a desulfurization lean liquid pump, thus repeating the process for full cyclic use ; The DDS catalyst series is added to the catalyst preparation tank, followed by the addition of desulfurization lean liquid; after mixing well, it is pumped into the desulfurization lean liquid tank using a catalyst feeding pump. Sulfur foam process: The sulfur foam flows out of the foam overflow port of the spray regeneration tower and enters the sulfur foam tank; it is then pumped by a foam pump to the sulfur foam filter for filtration. The filtrate goes into the filtrate tank, and from there it is pumped by a filtrate pump to the desulfurization lean liquid tank for reuse ; The filter residue is sulfur paste, which is recovered and used to refine into sulfur or to produce sulfuric acid. b. High tower regeneration process: Description of the high tower regeneration process: Gas flow: Gas containing hydrogen sulfide and/or organic sulfur enters the desulfurization tower from its bottom ; In the desulfurization tower, the gas comes into uniform counter-current contact with the desulfurization lean liquid that is sprayed from the top, and the hydrogen sulfide and/or organic sulfur in the gas are absorbed by this lean liquid ; The desulfurization lean liquid, which has absorbed hydrogen sulfide and/or organic sulfur, is converted into a desulfurization rich liquid and flows out from the bottom of the desulfurization tower ; The gas free of hydrogen sulfide and/or organic sulfur flows out from the top of the desulfurization tower and is used as an industrial feed gas. Liquid flow: The desulfurization-rich liquid flowing out from the bottom of the desulfurization tower enters the desulfurization liquid buffer tank, and is then pumped by a desulfurization pump from the bottom of the regeneration tower into the regeneration tower ; At the same time, compressed air is also blown in from the bottom of the regeneration tower. Within this tower, the sulfides present in the desulfurization-rich liquid are converted into elemental sulfur foam under the combined action of DDS-Fe and sulfur-loving, oxygen-consuming, heat-resistant, and alkali-resistant bacteria; this foam then flows out through the foam overflow port of the regeneration tower ; After regeneration, the desulfurization-rich liquid is converted into desulfurization-poor liquid, which flows out from the outlet of the desulfurization-poor liquid in the regeneration tower, enters the level-regulating buffer, and then returns into the desulfurization tower from its top, repeating this process for full cyclic use ; The DDS catalyst series is added to the catalyst preparation tank, followed by the addition of desulfurization lean liquid; after mixing thoroughly, it is pumped in via a catalyst addition pump into the level-regulating buffer to mix with the desulfurization lean liquid. Sulfur foam process: The sulfur foam flows out of the foam overflow port of the regeneration tower and enters the sulfur foam tank; it is then pumped by a foam pump to a sulfur foam filter for filtration. The filtrate goes into the mother liquor tank, and from there it is pumped by a mother liquor pump into the desulfurization solution buffer tank for reuse ; The filter residue is sulfur paste, which is recovered and used to refine into sulfur or to produce sulfuric acid.
Features and advantages of DDS biological desulfurization technology: ❶ Rapid results: By making minor modifications to the existing desulfurization system, and by adding DDS catalysts, the desulfurization efficiency can be significantly improved within a week, without any leakage of solutions, achieving quite satisfactory results. ❷ Capable of removing organic sulfur: It can not only remove hydrogen sulfide completely but also has a strong ability to eliminate organic sulfur; the removal rates for CS2, COS, thiols, and thiophenes are over 75%, 55%, 99%, and 20% respectively. Increasing the concentration of the DDS catalyst and the density of the microbial colonies in the DDS solution can further enhance the ability to remove organic sulfur. ❸ No tower blockage: The sulfur particles produced by the DDS biological desulfurization technology are fine and smooth, making it difficult for them to adhere to the packing and equipment. Moreover, no sulfur is generated during the absorption process, so tower blockage is less likely to occur. This technology also helps to clear any blockages, ensuring safe and stable operation. ❹ Low circulation volume: Under normal conditions, the solution circulation volume in the desulfurization system is 10%–30% lower than that of traditional technologies, **resulting in reduced power consumption. ❺ There is no need to discharge the solution: The DDS biological desulfurization technology can operate stably in high-salt conditions. During regeneration, bacteria cause the formed thiocyanate crystals to float to the surface along with sulfur bubbles; thus, there is no need to replace the solution, which reduces losses and prevents the discharge of the solution. ❻ Full recycling of the solution: As the DDS desulfurization solution is used for a longer period of time, the concentrations of the DDS catalyst and microorganisms in the solution increase, which leads to an improved desulfurization efficiency. Therefore, without altering the original process, we have improved the solution recovery system to eliminate all sources of solution loss, enabling full recycling of the solution. ❼ Low pollution: The DDS desulfurization solution is used in a fully closed-loop system, eliminating the environmental pollution caused by the large amounts of solution that need to be discharged daily in traditional technologies. Additionally, since the DDS catalyst series does not contain cobalt salts with carcinogenic properties nor any other heavy metals, it prevents contamination by such heavy metals as cobalt. ❽ Significant comprehensive economic benefits: By upgrading the sulfur foam filtration system, the DDS desulfurization liquid recovery system, and the ammonia recovery system, based on the existing desulfurization processes and equipment without shutting down production, the DDS biological desulfurization technology can be utilized. Under the same conditions and achieving the same results, the overall operating cost of this technology is about two-thirds that of traditional wet flue gas desulfurization technology, offering significant overall economic benefits.
Application areas of DDS biological desulfurization technology: DDS biological desulfurization technology can be used for the desulfurization of hydrogen sulfide-containing gases such as semi-water gas and shift gas in ammonia synthesis, coke oven gas, blast furnace gas, biogas, chemical feedstock gases, refinery off-gases, natural gas, oil field gas, landfill gas, and paper mill off-gases.