Sulfur Recovery Daily Question 2018.9.4

Ammonia, in gaseous form, has the molecular formula NH3 and a relative molecular mass of 17.03. It is colorless with a pungent, unpleasant odor. Its relative density in the gas state is 0.59 (with air as the reference), while its relative density in the liquid state is 0.7067 at 25°C (with water as the reference). The melting point is -77.7°C, and the boiling point is -33.4°C. The vapor pressure at 20°C is 882 kPa. The pH value of a 1% aqueous solution is 11.7. The auto-ignition temperature is 651.11°C, the concentration at which it is most easily ignited is 17%, and the minimum ignition energy required is 0.77 mJ (at a concentration of 21.8%). At room temperature, it can be liquefied into liquid ammonia under appropriate pressure, releasing a large amount of heat in the process. When the pressure is reduced, it vaporizes and escapes, absorbing a large amount of heat from its surroundings; it thus exhibits compressibility and expandability. Ammonia gas is explosive when mixed with air; its explosion limit ranges from 15.7% to 27.4%, the maximum explosion pressure is 0.58 MPa, and the concentration at which the maximum explosion pressure occurs is 22.5%. It is corrosive, toxic, and asphyxiating; the maximum allowable concentration in air in China is 30 mg/m3 according to the MAC standard. It is highly soluble in water, ethanol, and ether; its aqueous solution is basic, it has strong oxidizing properties, as well as electrostatic and diffusible characteristics. Ammonia has a very wide range of applications. In industrial production, it is used in petroleum refining, the manufacture of nitric acid, **, synthetic fibers, nitrogen fertilizers, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and cyanides. It can also be used for metal heat treatment, as well as as a refrigerant.

Ammonia, in gaseous form, has the molecular formula NH3 and a relative molecular mass of 17.03. It is colorless with a pungent, unpleasant odor. Its relative density in the gas state is 0.59 (with air as the reference), while its relative density in the liquid state is 0.7067 at 25°C (with water as the reference). The melting point is -77.7°C, and the boiling point is -33.4°C. The vapor pressure at 20°C is 882 kPa. The pH value of a 1% aqueous solution is 11.7. The auto-ignition temperature is 651.11°C, the concentration at which it is most easily ignited is 17%, and the minimum ignition energy required is 0.77 mJ (at a concentration of 21.8%). At room temperature, it can be liquefied into liquid ammonia under appropriate pressure, releasing a large amount of heat in the process. When the pressure is reduced, it vaporizes and escapes, absorbing a large amount of heat from its surroundings; it thus exhibits compressibility and expandability. Ammonia gas is explosive when mixed with air; its explosion limit ranges from 15.7% to 27.4%, the maximum explosion pressure is 0.58 MPa, and the concentration at which the maximum explosion pressure occurs is 22.5%. It is corrosive, toxic, and asphyxiating; the maximum allowable concentration in air in China is 30 mg/m3 according to the MAC standard. It is highly soluble in water, ethanol, and ether; its aqueous solution is basic, it has strong oxidizing properties, as well as electrostatic and diffusible characteristics. Ammonia has a very wide range of applications. In industrial production, it is used in petroleum refining, the manufacture of nitric acid, **, synthetic fibers, nitrogen fertilizers, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and cyanides. It can also be used for metal heat treatment, as well as as a refrigerant.

The molecular formula of ammonia is NH3, with a molecular weight of 17.03. Ammonia is a colorless gas with a strong irritating odor; it is commonly known as ammonium. Its density is 0.77 Kg/m3, and its specific gravity is 0.596. Ammonia is highly soluble in water; it can be liquefied by applying pressure at room temperature (critical temperature: 132.4°C, critical pressure: 112.2 atmospheres). Its boiling point is -33.5°C. Its aqueous solution is known as ammonia water and is alkaline in nature. It is also soluble in ethanol and ether, and has a reducing effect. It is oxidized to nitric oxide in the presence of a catalyst, and decomposes into nitrogen and hydrogen at high temperatures.

Ammonia, in gaseous form, has the molecular formula NH3 and a relative molecular mass of 17.03. It is colorless with a pungent, unpleasant odor. Its relative density in the gas state is 0.59 (with air as the reference), while its relative density in the liquid state is 0.7067 at 25°C (with water as the reference). The melting point is -77.7°C, and the boiling point is -33.4°C. The vapor pressure at 20°C is 882 kPa. The pH value of a 1% aqueous solution is 11.7. The auto-ignition temperature is 651.11°C, the concentration at which it is most easily ignited is 17%, and the minimum ignition energy required is 0.77 mJ (at a concentration of 21.8%). At room temperature, it can be liquefied into liquid ammonia under appropriate pressure, releasing a large amount of heat in the process. When the pressure is reduced, it vaporizes and escapes, absorbing a large amount of heat from its surroundings; it thus exhibits compressibility and expandability. Ammonia gas is explosive when mixed with air; its explosion limit ranges from 15.7% to 27.4%, the maximum explosion pressure is 0.58 MPa, and the concentration at which the maximum explosion pressure occurs is 22.5%. It is corrosive, toxic, and asphyxiating; the maximum allowable concentration in air in China is 30 mg/m3 according to the MAC standard. It is highly soluble in water, ethanol, and ether; its aqueous solution is basic, it has strong oxidizing properties, as well as electrostatic and diffusible characteristics. Ammonia has a very wide range of applications. In industrial production, it is used in petroleum refining, the manufacture of nitric acid, **, synthetic fibers, nitrogen fertilizers, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and cyanides. It can also be used for metal heat treatment, as well as as a refrigerant.

Ammonia, in gaseous form, has the molecular formula NH3 and a relative molecular mass of 17.03. It is colorless with a pungent, unpleasant odor. Its relative density in the gas state is 0.59 (with air as the reference), while its relative density in the liquid state is 0.7067 at 25°C (with water as the reference). The melting point is -77.7°C, and the boiling point is -33.4°C. The vapor pressure at 20°C is 882 kPa. The pH value of a 1% aqueous solution is 11.7. The auto-ignition temperature is 651.11°C, the concentration at which it is most easily ignited is 17%, and the minimum ignition energy required is 0.77 mJ (at a concentration of 21.8%). At room temperature, it can be liquefied into liquid ammonia under appropriate pressure, releasing a large amount of heat in the process. When the pressure is reduced, it vaporizes and escapes, absorbing a large amount of heat from its surroundings; it thus exhibits compressibility and expandability. Ammonia gas is explosive when mixed with air; its explosion limit ranges from 15.7% to 27.4%, the maximum explosion pressure is 0.58 MPa, and the concentration at which the maximum explosion pressure occurs is 22.5%. It is corrosive, toxic, and asphyxiating; the maximum allowable concentration in air in China is 30 mg/m3 according to the MAC standard. It is highly soluble in water, ethanol, and ether; its aqueous solution is basic, it has strong oxidizing properties, as well as electrostatic and diffusible characteristics. Ammonia has a very wide range of applications. In industrial production, it is used in petroleum refining, the manufacture of nitric acid, **, synthetic fibers, nitrogen fertilizers, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and cyanides. It can also be used for metal heat treatment, as well as as a refrigerant.

Liquid ammonia, also known as anhydrous ammonia, is a colorless liquid with a strongly irritating odor. As an important chemical raw material, ammonia is usually converted from its gaseous form into liquid form through compression or cooling, to facilitate transportation and storage. Explosion limit: 16%–25%.

Chemical properties: 1. NH₃ (volatile) produces white smoke when it comes into contact with HCl (volatile) gas, and it can react with chlorine gas. 2. Ammonia water (ammonium hydroxide, NH3·H2O) can corrode many metals, especially copper; copper equipment is generally not allowed to be used in areas where ammonia is present. If iron tanks are used to store ammonia water, they should be coated with asphalt on the inside. 3. The catalytic oxidation of ammonia is an exothermic reaction; the product is NO, and it is an important reaction in the industrial production of nitric acid. NH3 can also be oxidized to N2. 4. NH₃ can turn moist red litmus paper blue. It produces a small amount of hydroxide ions in water, giving it weak basic properties. ⒌ Ammonia reacts with acids to form ammonium salts: NH3 + HCl = NH4Cl. Physical properties: (1) It is a gas with an irritating odor. Ammonia can irritate the eyes, nose, throat, etc. of the human body; inhaling large amounts of ammonia can cause temporary nasal congestion and a feeling of suffocation. Contact with the eyes can lead to tearing, so care should be taken when handling it. If symptoms occur due to accidental exposure to excessive ammonia, it is necessary to inhale fresh air and water vapor promptly, and rinse the eyes with plenty of water. (2) Low density: The density of ammonia is 0.771 g/L under standard conditions. (3) High boiling point: Ammonia can be easily liquefied; by cooling it to -33.5°C at atmospheric pressure, or by increasing the pressure to 700–800 KPa at room temperature, gaseous ammonia turns into a colorless liquid, with a large amount of heat being released in the process. When liquid ammonia vaporizes, it absorbs a large amount of heat, causing the temperature of the surrounding substances to drop sharply; therefore, ammonia is often used as a refrigerant. Some old-fashioned ice pops were made using ammonia. (4) Solubility in water: Ammonia is highly soluble in water; at normal temperature and pressure, 1 volume of water can dissolve approximately 700 volumes of ammonia.

Appearance and shape: Colorless gas with a pungent, unpleasant odor. Melting point: -77.7°C. Boiling point: -33.5°C. Relative density: 0.7714 g/L. Critical pressure: 11.40 Mpa. Critical temperature: 132.5°C. Solubility: Highly soluble in water and ethanol.

Ammonia, in gaseous form, has the molecular formula NH3 and a relative molecular mass of 17.03. It is colorless with a pungent, unpleasant odor. Its relative density in the gas state is 0.59 (with air as the reference), while its relative density in the liquid state is 0.7067 at 25°C (with water as the reference). The melting point is -77.7°C, and the boiling point is -33.4°C. The vapor pressure at 20°C is 882 kPa. The pH value of a 1% aqueous solution is 11.7. The auto-ignition temperature is 651.11°C, the concentration at which it is most easily ignited is 17%, and the minimum ignition energy required is 0.77 mJ (at a concentration of 21.8%). At room temperature, it can be liquefied into liquid ammonia under appropriate pressure, releasing a large amount of heat in the process. When the pressure is reduced, it vaporizes and escapes, absorbing a large amount of heat from its surroundings; it thus exhibits compressibility and expandability. Ammonia gas is explosive when mixed with air; its explosion limit ranges from 15.7% to 27.4%, the maximum explosion pressure is 0.58 MPa, and the concentration at which the maximum explosion pressure occurs is 22.5%. It is corrosive, toxic, and asphyxiating; the maximum allowable concentration in air in China is 30 mg/m3 according to the MAC standard. It is highly soluble in water, ethanol, and ether; its aqueous solution is basic, it has strong oxidizing properties, as well as electrostatic and diffusible characteristics. Ammonia has a very wide range of applications. In industrial production, it is used in petroleum refining, the manufacture of nitric acid, **, synthetic fibers, nitrogen fertilizers, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and cyanides. It can also be used for metal heat treatment, as well as as a refrigerant.