Key points of the detailed rules for the system for identifying and addressing potential hazards in production safety incidents in chemical enterprises

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　　1. Basic Requirements 　　① Sound organizational structure 　　Chemical enterprises should establish a leadership body responsible for identifying and addressing potential hazards. The departments and individuals assigned responsibilities must be clearly defined; the chief executive of the enterprise is fully accountable for the identification and resolution of hazards within the company, while other managers are responsible for handling such tasks in their respective departments and units. Each functional department and unit is tasked with carrying out hazard identification and resolution activities within its area of responsibility. 　　②Improve the systems: Chemical enterprises should, on the basis of safety management systems such as risk classification and control for safe production and safety production standardization, further refine the management mechanisms for self-inspection, self-correction, self-reporting, and assessment of potential hazards, thereby establishing an integrated safety management system. This system should ensure that responsibility for identifying and addressing potential accident hazards is assigned to everyone, from senior management to individual employees. Establish a target responsibility assessment mechanism for the identification and resolution of potential hazards, along with corresponding reward and punishment systems, to strengthen supervision and evaluation of implementation efforts; this will create a clear incentive structure that rewards those who perform well and holds back those who fall short, thereby ensuring that the necessary corrective measures are put into effect. 　　③Organize training: Chemical enterprises should develop a training plan for the hazard identification and mitigation system, and organize training for all employees in a hierarchical and phased manner on the standards, procedures, and methods related to hazard identification and mitigation within the company, while keeping records of such training. 　　④Full participation Chemical enterprises should ensure full participation in the identification and resolution of potential hazards, from frontline operators to the top management level. This approach should be integrated into the entire process of production and business operations, becoming an important part of the daily work at all levels and in all positions within the company. 　　2. Classification and grading of potential hazards In chemical manufacturing facilities, the following situations may be treated as major accident hazards: a) The use of processes or equipment that have been explicitly banned or discontinued due to their serious threat to production safety ； 　　b) Workshops, warehouses containing substances with Class A or B fire hazards, explosives, and substances with toxicity level 2 or higher (or high toxicity), are located in the same building as employee dormitories; or the safety distances between such workshops, warehouses and the employee dormitories do not meet the requirements specified in relevant regulations and standards ； 　　c) The safety distances between the production and storage facilities for Category A, Category B, and highly toxic chemicals and the surrounding residential areas, densely populated zones, and major traffic routes do not meet the requirements specified in relevant regulations and standards. Failing to install the necessary automatic alarm and safety interlock devices as required by regulations and production processes ； 　　d) The safety distances between the central control room and area control rooms that serve two or more production units for Category A and B chemicals as well as highly toxic chemicals, and such production and storage facilities, are insufficient, or necessary explosion-proof measures have not been taken ； 　　e) In workplaces where flammable, explosive, and toxic substances are handled, combustionable and toxic gas detection and alarm systems as well as ventilation systems have not been installed in accordance with the requirements of **mandatory standards and their mandatory provisions; or the number and capacity of such systems are less than half of what is required by the standards ； 　　f) Electrical equipment (motors, lighting fixtures, switches, etc.) in areas at risk of explosion and fire is not explosion-proof, or its explosion-proof rating (category, class, group) as well as the wiring method do not meet the relevant standards and requirements, and no temporary preventive measures such as ventilation or isolation have been taken ； 　　g) The safety control measures for hazardous chemical process units that are under close supervision are inadequate, posing a high risk of explosion, and no effective explosion-proof or venting measures have been implemented ； 　　h) Special attention should be paid to cases where the safety measures for the production and storage of hazardous chemicals are inadequate, as this can easily lead to serious accidents such as explosions and poisonings ； 　　i) The safety measures for production and storage facilities that constitute major hazard sources of level 1 and 2 are inadequate, which can easily lead to serious accidents such as explosions and poisonings ； 　　j) Other hazards that are difficult to rectify; hazards that require complete or partial suspension of production and business operations, with a certain period of time needed for rectification before they can be eliminated; or hazards that cannot be eliminated by the production and business entities themselves due to external factors. 　　3. Work procedures and contents
I. Compiling a list of items to be inspected
① List of items for hazard inspection
② List of hazard inspection items related to the production site
③ List of hazard inspection items related to basic management
II. Hazard inspection
① Methods of inspection
The main methods of inspection include routine hazard inspections, comprehensive hazard inspections, specialized hazard inspections, holiday- and season-specific hazard inspections, diagnostic inspections conducted by experts, as well as inspections to assess the performance of managers at all levels within the enterprise. The professional hazard inspections include aspects such as processes, equipment, electricity, automatic control instruments, building structure, fire protection, and utility and auxiliary systems. Enterprises should determine different levels of inspection organizations based on their organizational structure, which generally include company level, department level, workshop level, and team level. 　　②Requirements for hazard identification: a) Chemical enterprises should carry out hazard identification in accordance with the requirements of laws and regulations regarding work safety as well as the enterprise’s risk management strategies, taking into account the characteristics of its production processes. This hazard identification process should ensure comprehensive coverage and clear assignment of responsibilities; it should combine regular inspections with specialized inspections, as well as periodic checks with daily management practices, and integrate specialized inspections with overall hazard assessments. 　　——The interval between on-site inspections must not exceed 2 hours. For chemical production and storage facilities that fall under the category of “two key areas and one major hazard”, continuous inspection methods should be employed, with the interval between such inspections not exceeding 1 hour ； Front-line workshop managers conduct inspections for relevant potential hazards at the equipment site at least once a day ； 　　——Comprehensive hazard inspections should be conducted at the company level at least once per quarter ； Grassroots units (workshops) should conduct inspections in line with the post responsibility system, organizing at least one such inspection per month ； 　　——Professional or targeted hazard inspections should be conducted at least once per quarter by technical personnel in fields such as process engineering, equipment, electrical systems, and instrumentation, or by the relevant departments ； 　　——Seasonal hazard inspections should be carried out at least once per quarter, in accordance with the seasonal characteristics and the actual production conditions of the organization ； 　　——Hazard inspections during holidays should be carried out once before major events and holidays ； 　　——For factors such as regional location and process technology that do not change frequently, the inspection cycle can be determined based on actual conditions; if any changes occur, hazard inspections should be carried out promptly. 　　b. When any of the following situations occurs, chemical enterprises should promptly organize inspections to identify potential hazards in related areas: — The introduction of new laws, regulations, standards, or specifications, or revisions to existing laws, regulations, standards, and specifications ； 　　——There have been significant adjustments to the organizational structure and personnel ； 　　——When there are significant changes in the plant processes, equipment, electrical systems, instrumentation, utility systems, or operating parameters ； 　　——Significant changes have occurred in the external work safety environment ； 　　——An accident occurs or there is a new understanding of an accident or incident ； 　　——There may be significant changes in climate conditions, or major natural disasters could be predicted. 　　③Implementation 　 Chemical enterprises should develop plans for identifying potential hazards. Relevant departments and units shall, in accordance with the list of potential hazards, adopt appropriate methods for identification, and organize departments and units at all relevant levels to carry out such inspections based on the risk classification system. 　　For the identified potential accident hazards, an assessment and classification should be carried out, hazard inspection records should be filled out, and they must be registered and reported in accordance with regulations. 　　Based on the identified types of hazards, governance recommendations are proposed. Governance recommendations should generally include: —— For each potential hazard identified during the inspection, specify the responsible unit and the main person in charge ； 　　——After investigation and assessment, preliminary suggestions for rectification or handling are put forward ； 　　——The deadline for addressing the hazard is determined based on its difficulty or severity in being resolved. 　　III. Hazard Management 　　① Management Requirements 　　Hazard management follows the principles of hierarchical treatment and categorized implementation. It mainly includes position correction, team management, workshop management, department management, and corporate management. 　　The management of potential hazards should involve scientific methods, adequate funding, timely and effective mitigation, clear assignment of responsibilities, and completion on schedule. Hazards that can be rectified immediately must be done so right away. For those that cannot be fixed promptly, preventive measures need to be developed before taking action to address them, and monitoring responsibilities must be established to prevent these hazards from turning into accidents. 　　\"Five Ensures\" in the contingency plan 　　② Governance process 　　The process for addressing potential accident hazards includes: notifying about the hazards, issuing notices for rectification, carrying out the necessary corrections, providing feedback on the progress of these corrections, and conducting inspections. 　　After the hazard identification is completed, information such as the name of the hazard, its location, the aspects that do not meet the requirements, the hazard level, the deadline for remediation, and the required remediation measures are communicated to the employees. The department responsible for identifying potential hazards shall issue notices for the rectification of such hazards, specifying the entity accountable for the rectification, recommended measures, and the deadline for completion. Before carrying out the remediation of potential hazards, the entity where such hazards exist should analyze the causes of those hazards and develop reliable remedial measures. The department that issues the notice for rectifying potential hazards shall organize an inspection to assess the effectiveness of such rectification. 　　General hazard rectification is carried out by the persons in charge at various levels of the enterprise (company, workshop, team, etc.) or relevant staff. Hazards that can be rectified immediately should be addressed right away; a designated person must verify the status of the rectification ； Those that cannot be ruled out immediately should be analyzed promptly, corrective measures should be formulated, and rectification should be completed within a specified time frame. 　　Treatment of major hazards A hazard assessment report should be prepared, and this report shall include information on the type of hazard, its scope of impact and level of risk, as well as recommendations regarding monitoring measures, methods for addressing the hazard, and the time frame for its resolution. 　　Enterprises should formulate plans for addressing major safety hazards based on the assessment report, and submit them to the department responsible for safety production supervision and management in the local county (city, district) people’s government. The governance plan should include the following main elements: a) the objectives and tasks of governance; b) the methods and measures to be adopted; c) the arrangement for funding and resources; d) the agencies and personnel responsible for governance; e) the time frame and requirements for governance; f) safety measures to prevent accidents during the rectification period. 　　IV. Acceptance 　　① After the elimination of potential hazards is completed, relevant personnel should be organized to conduct an acceptance check based on the level of those hazards, in order to achieve closed-loop management. Establish ledgers for the identification and rectification of potential hazards related to on-site management in chemical enterprises, as well as ledgers for those related to basic management aspects. ② After the rectification of major hazards is completed, the enterprise should organize a reevaluation of the progress made in such rectification, and report the results to the department responsible for safety production supervision and management in the local county (city, district). 　　4. Achievements and Applications I. Document Management During the planning, implementation, and continuous improvement of the system for identifying and addressing potential hazards, enterprises should maintain complete records of the entire process of hazard identification, and organize these records into categorized files for management. The document outcomes should include at least elements such as a system for identifying and addressing potential hazards, a record-keeping system for such activities, and a list of potential hazards to be addressed ； For general and major hazards that cannot be rectified immediately, the records of their identification and assessment, as well as the records of re-inspection and acceptance after rectification, should be kept in paper form and managed in separate files. 　　II. Effects Through the establishment of a system for identifying and addressing potential risks, enterprises should see improvements in at least the following areas: 00046 – Comprehensive, continuous, and effective risk control measures ； 　　00047——Risk management capabilities have been strengthened and improved ； 　　00048——Further improvement of the system for identifying and addressing potential hazards ； 　　00049——Responsibilities for inspections at all levels have been further implemented ； 　　00050——Further improvement in employees’ ability to identify potential hazards ； 　　00051——Re-evaluate and re-classify risks with a high frequency of potential hazards, and establish improved control measures ； 　　00052——A significant reduction in work-related safety accidents ； 　　00053——The level of occupational health management has been further improved. 　　It should also include: — Establishing organizations for identifying and addressing potential accident hazards, improving the systems for detecting such hazards, and ensuring that responsibilities for their identification and resolution are fulfilled ； 　　——Prepare a comprehensive list of potential hazard inspection items in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, technical standards, procedural requirements, as well as the control measures for various risk factors within the enterprise ； 　　——Develop a comprehensive and actionable inspection plan and implement it effectively, thereby creating complete documentation that covers the entire process of hazard identification ； 　　——Potential hazards are addressed promptly, ensuring that the five elements—corrective measures, funding, time limits, responsibilities, and contingency plans—are all in place, thereby achieving closed-loop management ； 　　——A report on the assessment of major accident hazards, along with a plan for addressing them, shall be prepared and those plans put into effect; the plan and the results of its implementation must be submitted, as required, to the department responsible for safety production supervision and management in the local county (city, district) people’s government. 　　5. Continuous Improvement I. Review Enterprises should conduct timely and regular reviews of the operation of their hazard identification and management systems to ensure their ongoing suitability, adequacy, and effectiveness. The review should include the possibilities for system improvement and the need to make modifications to the system. The review should be conducted at least once a year; when updates occur, a review should be organized promptly. Review records should be kept. 　　II. Updates 　Enterprises should proactively update elements such as the scope of hazard identification and management, the levels and categories of hazards, and hazard-related information, in light of the impact on the hazard identification and management system resulting from changes in laws, regulations, standards, and procedures. This includes: 00054 – Changes or updates to laws, regulations, standards, and procedures ； 　　00055——**New requirements set forth in regulatory documents ； 　　00056——Changes in the enterprise’s organizational structure and safety management mechanisms ； 　　00057——Changes in the enterprise’s production processes, additions or reductions in equipment and facilities, changes in the raw materials and auxiliary materials used, etc ； 　　00058——The enterprise sets higher requirements for itself ； 　　00059——Requests for feedback on the outcomes of accident incidents, emergency situations, or emergency plan drills ； 　　00060——Review should be conducted in other applicable cases. 　　III. Communication 　Enterprises should establish internal communication mechanisms among different functions and levels, as well as external communication channels with relevant parties, in order to convey information about potential risks in a timely and effective manner, thereby improving the effectiveness and efficiency of identifying and addressing such risks. 　　Enterprises should proactively identify the training needs related to hazard identification and mitigation among employees at all levels within the organization, incorporate these needs into the company’s training plan, and organize relevant training sessions. Enterprises should continuously enhance the safety awareness and capabilities of their employees, enabling them to become familiar with and master methods for identifying potential hazards, eliminating various such hazards, effectively controlling risks at their work posts, reducing and preventing accidents in safe production, and ensuring safe production.