[Haichuan. Chemical Industry Pioneer] Zhuang Changgong I, the first director of Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry

Born on December 25, 1894 in Quanzhou City, Fujian Province. From 1916 to 1918, he studied at Beijing Agricultural College * . 1919-1921, Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, USA * , received a bachelor's degree. 1921-1924, Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, USA * , received a Ph.D. From 1924 to 1931, he served as professor and director of the Department of Chemistry at Northeastern University. 1926-1933, scientific lecture of the Board of Directors of China Education and Culture Foundation. From 1931 to 1932, he served as a visiting professor at the University of Göttingen and Mingxing University in Germany. From 1933 to 1934, he served as dean of the School of Science of Central University. From 1934 to 1945, he served as a research professor on the Board of Directors of the China Education and Culture Foundation. From 1934 to 1943, he served as director of the Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, and was elected as a member of the Academic Council of Academia Sinica. In 1948, he served as president of National Taiwan University and was elected as an academician of Academia Sinica. In 1950, he served as director of the Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 1955, he was elected as a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and served as deputy director of the Department of Mathematical and Physical Chemistry. He died of illness in Shanghai on February 25, 1962.

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The Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, was established in June 1950. It is one of the first 15 institutes established by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Its predecessor was the former Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, established in July 1928. Starting from the research on antibiotics and polymer chemistry, after more than 60 years of hard work and hard work by several generations, it has made remarkable achievements in basic research, applied research, high-tech development, and talent training centered on organic chemistry research. In the development of my country's "two bombs and one satellite", "artificial synthesis of bovine insulin, artificial synthesis of yeast alanine transfer ribonucleic acid" and "two basic issues in physical organic chemistry": He has made important contributions to a number of important achievements that have reached the peak of science and technology, such as "substituent delocalization parameters and the concept of organic molecule clustering in free radical chemistry". The Institute of Organic Chemistry is led by basic research and applied basic research in organic chemistry. It focuses on the three major fields of population and health, resources and environment, and new materials, focusing on health and life, environment and ecosystems, resource utilization and development, new materials, energy development and application, and * * Six major research directions, including basic organic chemistry topics related to safety and other fields, drive the development of eight major disciplines including chemical biology, metal-organic chemistry, organic synthetic chemistry, elemental organic chemistry, physical organic chemistry, chemical informatics, organic materials chemistry and organic analytical chemistry.

Zhuang Changgong has been engaged in scientific research and higher education throughout his life. He has made outstanding contributions to organic synthesis, especially the synthesis of steroid compounds, and the structural research of natural organic compounds, and enjoys a high reputation in the international organic chemistry community. He isolated carbon-depleted isocholic acid from the oxidation product of ergostane, and proved the structure of ergosterane by degrading the isocholate ester with a known structure into the same substance, and deduced the structure of ergosterol. His synthesis of steroids and polycyclic compounds promoted the development of polycyclic compound research at that time. He and his collaborators used various routes to explore the synthesis of estradiol and obtained nordehydrogenate. They proposed a new alkaloid from the traditional Chinese medicine Fangji, named fangjinorin, and proved that it was demethylfanglutine. He was the first to establish organic microanalysis in the country. Some commonly used terms today, such as the names of heterocyclic compounds such as indole and pyrrole, were initiated by him. Zhuang Changgong's scientific research writings are abundant and fruitful. The main papers include "Structure of Ergosterol", "1-Methyl-Cyclohexane Acetic Acid", "Condensation of Oxalate Ester and Methyl-Glyceryl Tricarboxylate". His scientific achievements and deeds are recorded in books such as "Chinese Academy of Science and Technology" and "Dictionary of Chinese Scientists".

Changgong is from Quanzhou, Fujian and is familiar with the Minnan dialect. After Taiwan was regained in 1945, the presidents of National Taiwan University were successively appointed by two scholars, Luo Zongluo and Lu Zhihong, who were directly involved in the recruitment. However, because neither of them spoke Taiwanese (Minnan language department), many matters were difficult to advance, so the National * * Mr. Zhuang Changgong was selected as the third president of National Taiwan University. As the principal, Zhuang Changgong is not good at catering to the people of Taiwan Province. * * Luo Zongluo mentioned in his letter to Zhuang's successor Fu Sinian that "Pike did not pay attention to foreign affairs at all, and had a very bad relationship with the provincial government and the provincial council." However, Zhuang Changgong was a principal who was unwilling to settle for mediocrity. When he took office, he made drastic changes to the personnel relations that were nepotistic with the authorities. All the deans of the seven colleges except the dean of the School of Science were replaced. At the same time, more than 30 teachers were fired. He also resisted the reactionary military police several times when they came to the school to arrest people, and protected the hunted students in his dormitory. For a time, Zhuang Changgong was besieged internally and externally and faced enemies on all sides, and his situation was deteriorating. In January 1949, when the overall situation of the struggle between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was decided, despite repeated attempts by teachers and students in Taiwan to stay, Zhuang Changgong resolutely returned to the mainland to welcome the new China, and in 1950 he became the director of the Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The following letter is a letter written by Mr. Zhao Chenggu, director of the Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory of the Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in 1950, shortly after Mr. Zhuang Changgong became the director of the Institute of Organic Chemistry. He was soliciting opinions on the selection of deputy director.

(This letter is provided by scholar collector Mr. Shao Nan)

The full text of this letter is as follows: “Brother Shi Min's Dao Jian: I picked up Jun Hanyun from Gao Yisheng this morning. He has arrived in Nanjing. He will rest at home for a few days and will come to Shanghai to work soon. I have also received the letter. I would like to discuss that the deputy director of the Institute of Organic Chemistry has not yet been appointed. In fact, the need for internal and external personnel is very urgent. The staff of the Chemistry Institute of Peking University have not yet come to an end. I heard that there are still plans to separate the pharmaceutical and organic industries in the future. (I am in favor of both separation and merger.) My brother is well aware of this), so he waited for the automatic selection of the deputy director and did not dare to put forward any opinions. A few days ago, Mr. Ou Fang came to talk and asked whether the deputy director was needed and the candidate. At present, there are only two candidates that can be thought of, one is Brother Zeng Guangfang, and the other is Mr. Wang Baoren of Zhejiang University. Brother Guangfang has been mentioned by the hospital in spring, so there is no problem, and all the candidates currently selected actually rely on his help. Mr. Wang and his brother are not familiar with each other. They have only met once before, but they are well aware of his research ability. Unfortunately, not long after returning to China, the Anti-Japanese War broke out The war broke out and there was no way to show it. I recently came to Shanghai to discuss the research policy of the Institute of Organic Chemistry with the qualification of a special committee member of the Institute. I think he has both academic and administrative talents. In terms of qualifications, he has been teaching at Zhejiang University for more than ten years. He has also served as department chair, dean of science and provost. Recently, the Academy of Sciences contacted Zhejiang University, and Mr. Wang joined the Academy of Sciences full-time. Zhejiang University * * I have agreed, so I would like to propose Brother Zeng Guangfang and Mr. Wang at the same time. If this is the case, one more person can share the responsibility now. In case the pharmaceutical and organic products need to be separated in the future (Mr. Oufang did not mention it to me this time), it will also save the need to find someone temporarily. The above is entirely my personal opinion. I don’t know what your opinion is. Thank you for your reply so that I can reply to Mr. Ou Fang. We will discuss it later if we can. Good day. The younger brother respectfully goes to the ninth place. Twenty-nine.

　Adhering to the purpose of "building brands, recommending talents, and assisting scientific and technological innovation", the Shanghai Society of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering has established the Zhuang Changgong and Wu Yunchu Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Science and Technology Progress Award Fund. It has been launched every two years since 1995 and has been awarded 12 times. Among the 86 winners, 6 have been elected as academicians of the two academies, and many winners have become academic leaders and corporate leaders. In the past two years, the society has been entrusted by the Chinese Chemical Society to carry out training for the Chinese Chemistry Olympiad. As an important task of cultivating future chemical and chemical engineering science and technology workers, the society carefully organizes the training of senior teachers and other members from universities and middle schools. At the 30th China Chemistry Olympiad in 2016 and the 31st China Chemistry Olympiad in 2017 * * Won 4 gold medals, 17 silver medals, and 3 bronze medals, providing reserve talents for scientific and technological innovation in Shanghai's chemical and chemical industry.