【History of Haichuan Pipelines】China’s first commercial refined oil pipeline: the Fushun Petrochemical South Refined Oil Transmission Pipeline
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The Fushun Petrochemical South Crude Oil Transport Pipeline was approved for construction in 1985, with work beginning in July 1987. After 8 years of construction, an underground crude oil pipeline spanning 246 kilometers from Fushun to Jiaoyuquan in Yingkou was officially put into operation on October 31, 1995. This pipeline is China’s first large-diameter, long-distance, sealed and sequential commercial oil transportation pipeline for refined oil. It runs through 8 cities in Liaoning Province, crossing 58 rivers of various sizes, 7 railways, and 94 highways. It represents a new route for transporting refined oil from inland areas to the sea, and it is the largest oil pipeline of its kind in the country. It also fills the gap in China’s infrastructure for long-distance, large-diameter pipeline transportation of refined oil.
As of April 2018, according to the China Oil and Gas Project Database, oil and gas project distribution maps, and industry reports, nearly 30,000 kilometers of finished oil pipelines have been built across the country, with a total of 423 finished, under-construction, and planned oil pipelines at various levels. Among them, there are 35 in the Northeast region, 47 in the Northwest region, 77 in the North China region, 55 in the Central China region, 46 in the Southwest region, 50 in the East China region, 92 in the South China region, and 21 inter-provincial routes. These pipelines are mainly under the control of China National Petroleum Corporation and Sinopec, forming two separate refined oil distribution networks.
1. Northwest refined oil pipeline (Wulan Line): The pipeline runs from Karamay to Urumqi (Kewu Line), from Dushanzi to Urumqi (Duwu Line), and then from Urumqi to Lanzhou (Wulan Line). Along the way: Xinjiang, Gansu. Data: The Keju section is 291 kilometers long, the Duwu section is 225 kilometers long, and the Wulan section is 1,858 kilometers long. The designed annual transport capacity of the Wulan refined oil pipeline main line is 10 million tons. Function: To transport the refined oil from Urumqi, Karamay, and Dushanbe for use in the Northwest region, while also delivering it to the Lanzhou hub.
1. Northwest refined oil pipeline (Wulan Line): The pipeline runs from Karamay to Urumqi (Kewu Line), from Dushanzi to Urumqi (Duwu Line), and then from Urumqi to Lanzhou (Wulan Line). Along the way: Xinjiang, Gansu. Data: The Keju section is 291 kilometers long, the Duwu section is 225 kilometers long, and the Wulan section is 1,858 kilometers long. The designed annual transport capacity of the Wulan refined oil pipeline main line is 10 million tons. Function: To transport the refined oil from Urumqi, Karamay, and Dushanbe for use in the Northwest region, while also delivering it to the Lanzhou hub.
2. Lanzhou-Zhengzhou-Changsha Crude Oil Pipeline (Lanzhou-Zhengzhou-Changsha Line): The pipeline runs from Lanzhou to Zhengzhou and then to Changsha. Along the way: Gansu, Shaanxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan. Data: Length is 2,098 kilometers, with a designed annual transport capacity of 15 million tons. Function: To transport refined oil from the Lanzhou hub to the southwest and central China.
3. Lanzhou-Chengdu-Chongqing refined oil pipeline (Lanzhou-Chengdu-Chongqing line): Runs from Lanzhou to Chengdu, and then to Chongqing. Along the way: Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Chongqing. Data: Length is 1,247 kilometers, with a designed annual transport capacity of 5.8 million tons. Function: It resolved the oil supply problem in the Sichuan and Chongqing regions in one go; its cost is only 20% to 30% of that of rail transport, saving Sichuan hundreds of millions of yuan in freight costs each year. It effectively alleviated the imbalance between oil supply and demand in the northwest and southwest regions, fulfilling the task and mission of \"balancing the energy structure in the west and supporting economic development there.\"
4. Golmud-Lhasa Oil Pipeline (Golmud-Lhasa Line): From Golmud to Lhasa. Along the way: Qinghai, Tibet. Data: 1,080 kilometers in length, with an annual designed transport capacity of 250,000 tons. Function: To transport refined oil from Golmud to the Tibet region.
5. Southwest refined oil pipeline (Maokun Line): Runs from Maoming to Kunming in Yunnan, with a branch line leading to Nanning. Along the way: Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan. Data: Length is 1,698 kilometers, with an annual designed transport capacity of 10 million tons. Function: To transport refined oil from Maoming, the oil city in the south, to the Yunnan and Guizhou regions.
6. Pearl River Delta refined oil pipeline: From Zhanjiang to Shenzhen. Along the way: It passes through 11 cities and municipalities including Maoming, Yangjiang, Jiangmen, Foshan, Zhongshan, Zhuhai, Guangzhou, Dongguan, and Shenzhen. Data: Length is 1,131 kilometers, with an annual designed transport capacity of 12 million tons. Function: It serves as the \"lifeline\" to ensure the supply of refined oil products in the Pearl River Delta region.
7. Fushun-Zhengzhou refined oil pipeline (Fuzheng line): The pipeline runs from Fushun to Jinzhou (Fujin line), and then to Zhengzhou (Jinzheng line). Along the way: Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Henan. Data: The Fujin Line is approximately 431 kilometers long, with a designed transport capacity of 3–7.5 million tons per year ； The total length of the Jincheng Line’s main and branch lines is 1,636 kilometers, with 198 kilometers lying within Liaoning Province. Its designed maximum annual transport capacity is 13 million tons. Function: It connects the “four major refineries” in the Northeast (Fushun Petrochemical, Liaoyang Petrochemical, Liaohe Petrochemical, and Jinzhou Petrochemical), thereby helping to alleviate the surplus of refined oil production in the Northeast and the shortage of resources in North China, East China, and Central China. Together with the Lanzhou-Zhengzhou-Changsha refined oil pipeline, it will form China’s inland refined oil pipeline network, and is a key strategic project for \"transporting oil from the north to the south\" as well as an important project for improving people’s livelihoods.
9. Lu-Wan refined oil pipeline: The pipeline runs from Zibo to Xuzhou, and then to Suzhou. Along the way: Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui. Data: Length is 776 kilometers, with an annual designed transport capacity of 6.5 million tons. Function: To transport the refined products from Qilu Refinery and Jinan Refinery to Shandong, Northern Jiangsu, and Northern Anhui.