[Ocean Hydrogen Energy] Three main challenges faced by the comprehensive application of green hydrogen
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There are three main challenges facing the comprehensive application of green hydrogen:: There are still many bottlenecks in high costs and low efficiency, safety risks, and core technologies and equipment. From the perspective of the composition of hydrogen production raw materials, my country's hydrogen source is mainly coal, and coal gasification hydrogen production (coke gasification hydrogen production and oil gasification hydrogen production) accounts for 64% of the output scale. ； Followed by high-temperature coking to produce coke, medium and low-temperature coking to produce blue charcoal, electrolysis to produce caustic soda, light hydrocarbons to olefins to olefins by-product gas and hydrogen in tail gas, the output scale accounts for 19% ； Next is hydrogen production from natural gas and refinery dry gas, accounting for 15% of the production scale. ； The rest are hydrogen production from methanol and hydrogen production from electrolysis of water, both of which account for 2% of the production scale. According to data from the International Energy Agency, global hydrogen production will reach 94 million tons in 2021, which will basically come from fossil energy production of hydrogen, with green hydrogen accounting for only 0.4‰. Based on this calculation, global green hydrogen production in 2021 will be 37,600 tons. According to the "Industry Report" data, currently, my country's renewable hydrogen production does not have strong competitiveness, and the annual output of electrolyzed water hydrogen production is expected to be 10,000 to 20,000 tons. Although it is a consensus that "green hydrogen will replace gray hydrogen and become a global development trend", judging from the data, both the world and China are still a bit far away from the green hydrogen era.
For Haichuan Hydrogen Energy, in order to achieve commercial operation of comprehensive green hydrogen applications, the following three main challenges need to be addressed:: 1. High cost and low efficiency: Current renewable hydrogen production technologies are more expensive and less efficient, making green hydrogen production more expensive than traditional gray hydrogen. This is also an important factor restricting the development of the renewable energy industry. 2. Security risks: Hydrogen is highly flammable and explosive, and there are great safety risks in the production, storage, and transportation of green hydrogen. Therefore, how to ensure the safe application of green hydrogen has become one of the important issues in the development of the green hydrogen industry. 3. There are still many bottlenecks in core technology and equipment.: Current renewable hydrogen production technology and equipment still have some limitations. For example, the electrolysis of water method is not effective under high temperature and high salt concentration conditions. ； Hydrogen transport and storage systems still need to improve safety and efficiency. Therefore, the commercial operation of comprehensive green hydrogen applications requires strengthening innovation in technology research and development, equipment improvement and other aspects. .
In recent years, my country has made some explorations in the application of green hydrogen, mainly in chemical industry, distributed power generation and hydrogenation stations, but overall, it is still in its infancy. From a technical perspective, short-term demonstrations, key equipment, components and system integration technology still lack long-term assessment. ； From the perspective of technical and economic analysis, the running time is short, the data accumulation is small, and the technical and economic analysis still lacks actual data support. There are three main challenges facing the comprehensive application of green hydrogen:: There are still many bottlenecks in high costs and low efficiency, safety risks, and core technologies and equipment. The authors of the Industry Report provide a detailed comparison of green hydrogen costs and conditions for scale promotion: When the price of coal in my country is 600-1000 yuan/ton, the cost of coal-based hydrogen production is 10.5-13 yuan/kg, while the cost of green hydrogen is still as high as 13.5-17 yuan/kg when the price of green electricity drops to 0.2-0.25 yuan/kWh. In the future, when coal prices continue to rise or the price of carbon emissions trading rights reaches 160-210 yuan/ton, green hydrogen will meet the conditions for large-scale promotion. “In the early stages of development, policy support is particularly important. ”Taking the United States as an example, Jiang Lijun analyzed that in August last year, the United States issued the "Inflation Reduction Act" and proposed tax deductions for green hydrogen, making its price only US$0.73/kg, making it the cheapest green hydrogen in the world. “It can be expected that the implementation of this bill will have a huge aggregation effect, and some advanced hydrogen energy equipment and hydrogen energy application companies will follow the trend and land in the United States, thus forming a good hydrogen energy industry ecology. ”
In recent years, my country has made certain explorations in the application of green hydrogen, and it has been used in scenarios such as chemical industry, distributed power generation and hydrogenation stations, but overall, it is still in its infancy. From a technical perspective, short-term demonstration projects cannot conduct long-term assessment of key equipment, components and system integration technologies. ； From the perspective of technical and economic analysis, technical and economic analysis still faces great challenges due to short running time, small data accumulation, and lack of actual data support. The main challenges faced by the comprehensive application of green hydrogen include three aspects:: There are still many bottlenecks in high costs and low efficiency, safety risks, and core technologies and equipment. According to data comparison in the "Industry Report", China's current renewable hydrogen production is not very competitive. The cost of coal-based hydrogen production is 105-13 yuan/kg. When the price of green electricity drops to 0.2-0.25 yuan/kWh, the cost of green hydrogen is still as high as 135-17 yuan/kg. In the future, if coal prices continue to rise or carbon emissions trading rights prices rise to 160 to 210 yuan/ton, green hydrogen will be ready for large-scale promotion. In the early stages of the development of the green hydrogen industry, policy support is very important. Take the United States as an example. In August last year, the United States issued the "Inflation Reduction Act" and proposed tax deductions for green hydrogen, making its price only US$0.73/kg, making it the cheapest green hydrogen in the world. It can be expected that the implementation of this bill will have a huge aggregation effect, and some advanced hydrogen energy equipment and hydrogen energy application companies will follow the trend and land in the United States, thus forming a good hydrogen energy industry ecology. .
Formulate relevant policies to encourage the development of three application directions that may achieve sustainable economic development relatively quickly.: The nearby utilization of resource-based green hydrogen in the chemical industry, wind and solar hydrogen storage micro-grid energy supply in industrial parks, and green hydrogen forklifts in industrial parks and logistics parks. “As the cost of wind and photovoltaic power continues to decline and the cost of carbon emissions rises, green hydrogen will gradually demonstrate its value, especially when the wind and photovoltaic base adjustment project is put into operation, which will greatly promote the development of the green hydrogen industry. ” Yang Zheng and Tian Guili analyzed that in the future, green hydrogen will be an important carrier for the realization of my country's green and low-carbon society. It is expected that small-scale industrial hydrogen storage and transportation, green hydrogen chemicals, hydrogen metallurgy, transportation hydrogen energy, hydrogen energy storage and power generation, and natural gas hydrogenation will become new growth points for hydrogen.