[Ocean Hydrogen Energy] Application of carbon fiber composite materials (CFRP) in high-pressure hydrogen long tube trailers
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With the implementation of new energy and dual-carbon policies, the fuel cell vehicle industry has also achieved good development, and the corresponding hydrogen energy industry has also developed rapidly. In addition, in order to prepare for the popularization of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, various places are actively preparing for the construction of hydrogen refueling stations. Therefore, it is necessary to find an economical and good way to transport and store hydrogen from refineries to hydrogen refueling stations. Hydrogen needs to go through the transportation link from hydrogen production to the application end. The method of hydrogen transportation differs according to its storage method. It is mainly divided into: Gaseous transportation, liquid transportation, solid transportation and organic liquid transportation. International hydrogen transportation methods mainly include long-tube trailer gas transportation, liquid hydrogen tank truck transportation and pipeline transportation. At the application end, hydrogenation stations can be divided into external hydrogenation stations and in-station hydrogenation stations according to the hydrogen production location. For external hydrogenation stations, hydrogen transportation is an important part. Currently, there are mainly high-pressure gas transportation, liquid hydrogen transportation, and pipeline transportation. At present, the more mature application method in the market is gas transportation, that is, transporting gas to the terminal through trucks, long-tube trailers or pipelines.
Various transportation methods of hydrogen. There are two transportation methods for transporting pure hydrogen: liquefied hydrogen and high-pressure hydrogen. Liquid hydrogen is suitable for transporting large amounts of hydrogen, and high-pressure hydrogen is suitable for transporting small amounts of hydrogen. In the past, trailers made of steel containers were mainly used to transport high-pressure hydrogen. In order to reduce transportation costs, it is necessary to further lightweight the hydrogen storage containers and improve transportation efficiency. By using composite hydrogen storage tanks, Japan's Kawasaki Company developed a "hydrogen long-tube trailer equipped with a 35MPa hydrogen storage tank. On this basis, it further developed a 45MPa hydrogen storage tank long-tube trailer."
Many thanks for the additional explanation of the various transport modes of hydrogen. Indeed, liquefied hydrogen and high-pressure hydrogen are currently the main methods of hydrogen transportation, and high-pressure hydrogen transportation usually uses steel containers, but their heavy weight and volume will affect transportation efficiency and cost. To this end, Kawasaki uses composite material hydrogen storage tanks, which can reduce the weight of the container, improve the hydrogen storage efficiency and the strength of the container, thereby further improving the operating efficiency and safety of the hydrogen long tube trailer. At the same time, it also provides a more reliable and economical hydrogen transportation method for the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. .
(1) Composite material container for mass transportation By wrapping CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced resin) with high tensile strength around a lightweight aluminum alloy container, a pressure vessel that is lightweight and resistant to ultra-high pressure is realized (Figure 3). Hydrogen storage tanks made of composite materials can transport approximately twice as much high-pressure hydrogen as conventional steel tanks. (2) Devices and functions to ensure the safety of trailer driving. For driving stability, electronically controlled brakes (EBS) and air suspension are used in the suspension device, and it has ABS (anti-lock braking system) and the following functions. The Rollover Suppression System (RSS) detects the danger of rollover and automatically activates the brakes to reduce the risk. Load-sensing function that adjusts braking force based on load, thereby preventing excessive braking when empty. Record and display vehicle information such as driving distance and trailer axle weight. (3) Structure to improve safety and operability. In order to ensure water spraying when high temperature is detected, a roof canopy that can be opened and closed by a handle is installed. To facilitate inspection of containers, etc., metal opening and closing doors are installed on the side. Front door for access to the interior of the container room. In order to facilitate the opening and closing operations of the 24 container valves when moving or when the workstation is left, an operating room is set up in the center. As a container valve, a thrombolytic safety valve is provided to safely release hydrogen when the composite hydrogen storage tank is at high temperature. The ceiling is covered with flame-retardant insulation material to suppress the rise in internal temperature. An emergency shut-off valve that automatically closes when the temperature exceeds 100°C is installed in the rear operating room. The rear operation room is equipped with hoses and couplers that can connect the hydrogenation station piping with one touch.