One question per week (8): Case studies for safety professionals

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Subways are generally located in underground or elevated, semi-enclosed spaces, featuring characteristics such as secrecy, isolation, and a high density of people and equipment. In the event of major accidents, disasters, or other emergencies, it is difficult to evacuate people and carry out rescue operations; improper handling can result in significant losses of life and property, having a serious impact on the society, economy, and daily life. In recent years, safety issues related to the construction and operation of subways have become particularly prominent both domestically and internationally, posing a serious threat to people’s lives, causing substantial economic losses, and affecting social stability. For example, the Daejeon subway fire in South Korea in 2003. 01 Based on the above scenario, answer the following question: An emergency refers to a natural disaster, ____, public health incident, or social security incident that occurs suddenly, causes or may cause serious social harm, and requires immediate emergency response measures. Based on factors such as the degree of social harm and the scope of impact, ____ is classified into four levels: extremely serious, serious, relatively serious, and ordinary. (B) A. Major accident ； Four types of events B. Accident disasters ； The first three types of events: C. Major accidents ； The last three types of events: D. Accident disasters ； Four types of events: E. Major accidents ； Answers to questions about the first three types of events: Reference answer: B【Explanation】Emergency incidents refer to natural disasters, accident disasters, public health incidents, and social security incidents that occur suddenly, cause or may cause serious social harm, and require emergency response measures to address them. Based on factors such as the nature, severity, controllability, and scope of impact of various types of public emergencies, public emergencies (natural disasters, accident disasters, and public health incidents) are classified into four levels: Level I (extremely serious), Level II (serious), Level III (relatively serious), and Level IV (mild). 02 Based on the above scenario, answer the following question: **Establish an emergency management system that features unified leadership, comprehensive coordination, classified management, hierarchical responsibility, and ____ as the core principle.** The response to emergencies follows the principle of giving priority to ____, combining prevention with emergency response. (C) A. Industry regulation ； Emergency B. System Management ； Emergency response c. Local management ； Prevention of D. Regional management ； Prevention of E.: Manage it locally ； Prevention Q&A: Reference Answer: C【Explanation】**Establish an emergency management system characterized by unified leadership, comprehensive coordination, categorized management, hierarchical responsibility, and local management as the main approach. The response to emergencies follows the principle of \"prevention first, with a combination of prevention and emergency response\". **Establishing a sound early warning system for emergencies allows for the issuance of warnings regarding natural disasters, industrial accidents, and public health incidents. The severity levels of these warnings are classified into four grades: level 1, level 2, level 3, and level 4, based on the urgency of the emergency, its development trend, and the potential extent of damage it may cause. 03 Based on the above scenario, answer the following question: The warning levels for natural disasters, accident disasters, and public health incidents that can be warned about are divided into four levels according to the urgency of the incident, its development trend, and the potential extent of damage it may cause. Level 3 is indicated by (D). A. Red B. Green C. Blue D. Yellow E. Orange Answer: D 【Explanation】A sound early warning system for emergencies should be established; the warning levels for natural disasters, accident disasters, and public health incidents are determined based on the urgency of the incident, its development trend, and the potential damage it may cause. These levels are divided into four categories: level 1, level 2, level 3, and level 4, which are indicated by red, orange, yellow, and blue respectively, with level 1 being the highest level. 04 Based on the above scenario, answer the following questions: Provincial and city-level people’s governments **shall conduct investigations, registrations, and risk assessments of hazard sources and areas within their respective administrative regions that are prone to triggering (B) emergencies; they shall organize inspections and monitoring, and order relevant entities to take safety precautions. A. Major, relatively major B. Extraordinarily major, major C. Extremely severe, ordinary D. Extraordinarily major, extremely severe E. Extremely severe, relatively major
Answer: B
Explanation: Provincial and city-level people’s governments shall conduct investigations, registrations, and risk assessments of hazard sources and areas within their respective administrative regions that are prone to causing extraordinarily major or major emergencies. They shall organize inspections and monitoring, and order relevant entities to take safety precautions. The people’s government at the county level shall conduct investigations, registrations, and risk assessments of hazard sources and areas within its administrative jurisdiction that are prone to natural disasters, accident disasters, and public health incidents; it shall carry out regular inspections and monitoring, and order relevant entities to take safety precautions. 05 Based on the above scenario, answer the following question. Which of the following statements regarding special emergency plans is correct? (C) A. It outlines in general the emergency policies and guidelines for dealing with accidents, the organizational structure for emergency response along with related responsibilities, as well as the basic requirements and procedures for emergency actions, measures, and support. B. It consists of emergency response measures tailored for specific plants, locations, facilities, or positions. C. It is a plan or scheme developed for specific types of accidents, hazard sources, and emergency support measures. D. It is a plan or scheme formulated for specific areas (such as certain forested regions or areas affected by epidemics), hazard sources, and emergency support measures. E. It involves arrangements regarding the responsibilities, tasks, and preventive measures of relevant emergency agencies in the event of emergencies that may arise during temporary activities. Answer: C [Explanation] A special emergency plan is a plan or scheme designed for specific types of accidents (such as coal mine gas explosions, chemical leaks, fires, etc.), hazard sources, and emergency support measures. It is part of the comprehensive emergency plan; it should be developed in accordance with the procedures and requirements of the comprehensive emergency plan, and served as an appendix to it. A specialized emergency response plan is developed on the basis of a comprehensive plan, taking into full account the characteristics of a specific type of hazard. It provides more detailed descriptions regarding the emergency situation, organizational structure, and emergency actions; it is highly targeted in nature, and clear rescue procedures as well as specific emergency response measures must be established. Option A falls under the comprehensive plan ； Option B falls under the on-site response plan ； Option E belongs to a single-plan approach.