I’m not quite understanding a few issues related to the two-in-one synthesis furnace; I need help.

1. How is the ratio of chlorine to hydrogen fed into the furnace determined? Our standard ratio per operating procedure is 1:1.05–1.15, but in actual practice we have reached 1.4 and even 1.6. ------1: The ratio of 1.05–1.15 – I’m not sure how this figure was determined; in our actual operations we achieved a ratio of 1.4. 2. How are the pressures of chlorine and hydrogen fed into the furnace set? Why is the pressure of chlorine higher? We used to use 0.22 MPa, but after adjusting it to 0.15 MPa once, we haven’t changed it since. ------I think it is determined by previous processes and has nothing to do with synthesis. The pressure in the previous process step is determined at the beginning of the process design. 3. Calculate the salt and acid production based on the amount of water absorbed; once the hydrogen chloride production is determined, figure out how the volume and mass of the absorbed water [pure water] change after it has absorbed hydrogen chloride. ------The salt acid production is obtained by dividing the water absorption amount by 0.69 (with the salt acid concentration assumed to be 31%) and then multiplying by time. After knowing the hydrogen chloride production, divide it by 0.31 to obtain the salt acid production. The volume of [pure water] after absorbing hydrogen chloride remains almost the same as its volume as water; it does not change significantly. 4. Also, what level should the hydrogen content inside the furnace be kept below to avoid accidents? ------Our requirement is that it be less than 0.4%.

Personal opinion: 1. How is the ratio of chlorine to hydrogen entering the furnace determined? Our standard ratio per operating procedure is 1:1.05–1.15, but in actual practice we have reached 1.4 and even 1.6. ------1:1.05-1.15 – How is this ratio determined? It is based on the purity of hydrogen chloride supplied to the VCM process. 2. How is the pressure of chlorine and hydrogen determined when they enter the furnace? Why is the pressure of chlorine higher? We used to use 0.22 MPa, but after adjusting it to 0.15 MPa once, we haven’t changed it since. ------If hydrogen is introduced into chlorine, it is easy to reach the explosion limit; the key factor here is the pressure inside the furnace. 3. Calculate the salt and acid production based on the amount of water absorbed; once the hydrogen chloride production is determined, figure out how the volume and mass of the absorbed water [pure water] change after it has absorbed hydrogen chloride. ------Apart from what Du Gong said, the general algorithm is that one side of the water absorbs 380 NM3 of hydrogen chloride. 4. What level should the hydrogen content inside the furnace be kept below to avoid accidents? ------Does it refer to the time before starting the furnace? A value of less than 0.4% is considered safe.

What level or lower should the hydrogen content in the furnace be kept at to avoid accidents? - Now, before starting the hydrogen chloride synthesis process, it is less than 0.067%

The ratio adjustment of chlorine to hydrogen is done based on combustion efficiency and flame color, namely through what is known as flame observation; there are no strict requirements regarding the exact calculation method or the purity levels used. Requirements for hydrogen ignition inside the furnace.

Theoretically, the ratio of chlorine to hydrogen entering the furnace is on a molar basis; usually, there is an excess of hydrogen. This ratio also changes under the influence of pressure. Therefore, the readings from flow meters in production can only serve as a rough guide – the color of the flame is the more important indicator. In chlor-alkali production, the chlorine used in the furnace is typically liquefied tail chlorine with a purity of around 85%, containing a significant amount of inert gases. To meet the requirements regarding salt acid levels and exhaust gas emissions of 100 PPm/Nm3, the hydrogen content in the exhaust gas is usually between 40% and 60%. Our chlorine-to-hydrogen ratio is above 1:1.2

We have never conducted exhaust emission analysis because the exhaust pipes are too high, making it impossible to take samples. So I want to know these data. Are there any standards regarding the emission limits for hydrogen chloride emissions and the hydrogen content in these emissions? The emission limit for hydrogen chloride should be 1PPm, right? Since environmental regulations require the hydrogen chloride content in the atmosphere to be less than 1 PPm, the value of 100 PPm/Nm3 is too high; the hydrogen content in exhaust gases is usually between 40% and 60% – is this actual data?

What level or lower should the hydrogen content in the furnace be kept at to avoid accidents? - Currently, before starting up the hydrogen chloride synthesis process, the level is below 0.07% – which is the lowest value we have here

For the exhaust emissions from salt acid synthesis furnaces, the emission standard is 100 mg/Nm3; it will soon increase to 10 mg/Nm3 starting next year, which means a reduction of another 10 times. It is likely that alkali solutions will be needed for absorption, otherwise it will be very difficult to meet the standards

1. The flow meter is inaccurate, resulting in large variations in the hydrogen-to-chlorine ratio across different furnaces. 3. How much hydrogen chloride (and thus how much chlorine gas) is absorbed by 1 cubic meter of water per hour? (The acid concentration is 31%; the theoretical value calculated using formulas can only serve as a reference. When each furnace produces acid, the amount of chlorine absorbed varies due to errors in flow meters, as well as factors such as the temperature of the absorbent water and the purity of hydrogen chloride. These differences can be significant, so it is necessary to adjust the absorbent water based on the actual specific gravity.) 4. I use a two-in-one stove here. Place a torch at the furnace door to ignite it; lighting is allowed only if the explosion detector shows no alarm when checked at the lamp head. Previously, a gas sample was taken from the lamp head using a bulb, and the hydrogen level in the furnace had to be below 0.067. I use a method of lighting the furnace by placing a torch at the furnace door. Once the hydrogen in the furnace is of suitable quality, the torch is placed at the burner, and then the manual valve for hydrogen is opened to light the furnace. It is essential to open the valve slowly; if it is opened too quickly, it can cause a loud noise at the burner and damage it. An excessive amount of hydrogen can also cause the flame to burst out from the furnace door, posing a risk to the safety of the operator

1.4? Anyway, I haven’t encountered that issue; moreover, when chlorine is added to the fuel, we usually keep the level at 1.15. It’s also possible that there’s a problem with your furnace.