What are the structural characteristics of the main components of an ammonia synthesis tower?

The structural feature of the ammonia synthesis tower is that the tower, which is subjected to high pressure during operation, is protected from exposure to high temperatures； The components that are exposed to high temperatures do not bear high-pressure loads. This allows the tower structure and the internal components to withstand high temperature and high pressure respectively, thereby improving the operating conditions of the tower. To this end, the cold feed gas is first passed through the annular gap between the reactor vessel and its internals, with the internals being equipped with insulation measures. The main components of the synthesis tower include the high-pressure cylinder and the internal components, which mainly consist of catalyst baskets, heat exchangers, electric heaters, and compensation devices. However, depending on the requirements of different purposes, their internal component designs also vary. Therefore, the structural types of synthesis towers include: parallel-flow double-tube synthesis towers, parallel-flow triple-tube synthesis towers, single parallel-flow tube synthesis towers, U-shaped tube synthesis towers, spiral forward-type synthesis towers, cage-type radial synthesis towers, double-layer parallel-flow synthesis towers, internally-mounted by-product steam synthesis towers, multi-layer axial cooling synthesis towers (Kellogg synthesis towers), and two-layer radial cooling synthesis towers (Topsoe synthesis towers), among others.