Liquid ammonia technical manual
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Liquid ammonia HN3, UN NO.1005, CN NO.23003; Ammonia, CAS No.7664-41-7, with a purity of ≥99%. This substance is flammable, toxic, and irritating; it can cause skin irritation. 【Precautions】 •Avoid contact with skin, eyes, or clothing. •Wear protective gloves and protective clothing. •Thoroughly clean after use. •Eating, drinking, and smoking are prohibited in the workplace. •Ensure strict sealing, and provide adequate local exhaust ventilation as well as general ventilation. [Emergency Response] • Quickly evacuate people from the area contaminated by the leak to areas upwind, and immediately establish a 150-m exclusion zone with strict access controls. Eliminate the source of ignition. It is recommended that emergency responders wear self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus and anti-static work clothing. Seal the source of the leak as much as possible. Ensure proper ventilation to accelerate diffusion. •If you feel unwell: call the Poison Control Center or seek medical attention. 【Safe Storage】 •Store in a cool and well-ventilated warehouse. Keep away from flames and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 30°C, and there should be water spray facilities as well as accident dikes. The tank outlet should be equipped with emergency leakage control facilities (emergency shut-off valves). 【Waste disposal】 •First, dilute with water; then neutralize with hydrochloric acid. Finally, discharge it into the wastewater system. Please refer to the Safety Data Sheet for chemicals.
Production:
Telephone: 0994-
Address:
Postal code:
Emergency hotline for chemical accidents: 0994-
Safety Data Sheet for Chemicals (Liquid Ammonia)
Part 1: Identification of the chemical and the enterprise
Chinese name of the chemical: Anhydrous ammonia
English name of the chemical: Ammonia
Enterprise name:
Address:
Postal code:
Enterprise emergency telephone number:
Email address:
Recommended uses: Used as a refrigerant and in the production of ammonium salts and nitrogen fertilizers.
Restricted uses: No information available.
Fax number: 0994-6809001
Technical data sheet number: 2013001
Effective date: [Month] [Day], 2013
Part 2: Hazard summary
Physical and chemical hazard information: Flammable gas ； Mixing with air can form an explosive mixture ； It can catch fire and explode in the presence of open flames or high heat ； It undergoes vigorous chemical reactions when exposed to fluorine, chlorine, etc ； Effects on human health: Once in the body, ammonia hinders the tricarboxylic acid cycle and reduces the function of cytochrome oxidase ； It leads to an increase in brain ammonia, which can have neurotoxic effects. High concentrations of ammonia can cause tissue dissolution and necrosis ； GHS Hazard Class: H221 Flammable gas ； H301 Acute toxicity ； H314 Skin corrosion/irritation. Main symptoms following human exposure: Inhalation: Mild inhalation effects include sore throat, coughing, expectoration or hemoptysis, chest tightness, and pain behind the sternum ； Acute inhalation is characterized by irritation and burns of the respiratory mucosa ； Severe aspiration presents with laryngeal edema, glottic stenosis, and shedding of the respiratory mucosa, which can lead to tracheal obstruction and asphyxiation. Skin contact: Causes pain and burns; the skin takes on a coffee-colored appearance. The corroded area becomes gelatinous and soft, and deep tissue damage can occur. Emergency overview: Quickly evacuate to the leak-contaminated area; personnel should move to the upwind side. Immediately establish a 150-meter exclusion zone, with strict access control. Extinguish the fire. It is recommended that responders wear self-contained positive-pressure air respirators and fire protection suits. In areas with high-concentration leaks, neutralize by spraying hydrochloric acid-containing mist. Part 3: Composition/Ingredient Information Material name: Ammonia ； Ammonia ； liquid ammonia ； NH3 ； CAS No.: 7664-41-7 Substance concentration: 99% Part 4: First aid measures First aid information for different modes of exposure: Inhalation: Symptoms may include tearing, sore throat, hoarseness, coughing, expectoration, respiratory distress, coma, and shock ； Quickly leave the area and go to a place with fresh air to keep the respiratory tract unobstructed ； If there is difficulty breathing, administer oxygen ； If breathing stops, perform artificial respiration immediately ； Seek medical attention ； Skin contact: Can cause severe pain and burns, as well as coffee-colored discoloration ； The corroded area becomes gelatinous and soft, with possible deep tissue damage ； The contaminated clothing should be removed immediately, and the affected area should be thoroughly rinsed with plenty of clean water or a 2% boric acid solution, after which medical attention should be sought right away ； Eye contact: High concentrations of ammonia are highly irritating to the eyes, causing pain and burns, leading to significant inflammation. It can also result in edema, damage to the epithelial tissue, clouding of the cornea, and inflammation of the iris. In mild cases, symptoms usually subside, but in severe cases they may persist for a long time, leading to complications such as persistent edema, scarring, permanent clouding of the eyes, protrusion of the eyes, cataracts, adhesion of the eyelids to the eyeball, and blindness. Multiple or prolonged exposure to ammonia can cause conjunctivitis ； Immediately lift the eyelids and thoroughly rinse with plenty of running water or saline for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention immediately ； Ingestion: Seek medical attention immediately ； Do not induce vomiting ； Advice for protecting rescuers: If the patient has inhaled or ingested such substances, do not perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation ； If artificial respiration is required, use a pocket mask with a one-way valve or other appropriate medical breathing devices ； Part 5: Fire-fighting Measures. Methods of extinguishing fires: Firefighters must wear full-body fire and poison-resistant suits, fight the fire from the upwind direction, and cut off the gas supply ； If the gas supply cannot be cut off, it is not permitted to extinguish the flame at the leak site ； Spray water on the container; if possible, move the container away from the fire to an open area for handling ； Extinguishing agents: fogged water, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide, sand ； Hazardous properties: Can form explosive mixtures with air; may catch fire and explode in contact with open flames or high heat ； Contact with fluorine, chlorine, and the like will result in violent chemical reactions ； In case of high temperatures, the pressure inside the container increases, posing a risk of cracking and explosion ； Firefighter protective equipment: full-face filter respirators (or full-face air-supplied respirators), complete self-contained breathing apparatus (with air supply, helmet, mask), goggles, ammonia-resistant protective clothing (gloves, aprons, boots), fire extinguishing equipment, emergency shower facilities, and eye drops ； Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation equipment ； Section 6: Emergency Response to Leaks – Protective Measures for Workers: In situations where ammonia concentrations are high, workers should wear full-face filtering masks (or full-face supplied-air respirators), goggles, as well as protective clothing resistant to ammonia penetration (gloves, aprons, boots) ； In situations where the ammonia concentration exceeds safe limits significantly, a full set of self-contained breathing apparatus (with an air supply) must be worn ； Equipped with emergency shower facilities and eye drops ； Protective equipment: 2% boric acid solution, 1%-2% citric acid solution, 0.5% citric acid solution, or paraffin ； Gas masks (positive-pressure air respirators, filter-type), rubber gloves, gas- and static-proof clothing, protective boots ； Bamboo sticks, cork plugs, lead plugs, wire, special pipe clamps, special devices for sealing leaks, rubber gaskets, sealing materials ； Pliers, forceps, wrenches, etc ； Fire extinguishers, water-resistant foam, carbon dioxide, sand and other fire-fighting equipment ； Emergency response procedures: Evacuate quickly from the area contaminated by the leak to an upwind location. The responders must wear positive-pressure air respirators as well as fire-resistant, gas-proof, and anti-static clothing. Seal the source of leakage as much as possible, ensure proper ventilation to accelerate dispersion. In areas with high-concentration leaks, neutralize by spraying hydrochloric acid-containing mist. If possible, use an exhaust fan to send the residual gas or escaping gas to a wash tower or a fume hood connected to the tower ； Environmental protection measures: Spray water to suppress vapor or change the direction of vapor clouds, but it is prohibited to use water directly to strike the leaked liquid ammonia or the source of the leak ； Prevent leaks from entering water bodies, sewers, basements, or enclosed spaces ； Chemical containment: Leaks can be collected and absorbed using inert absorbent materials such as sand or vermiculite ； The collected leaks should be placed in sealed containers labeled accordingly for disposal ； Removal method: Do not touch the spill ； In the event of a small leak, inert materials such as sand and vermiculite can be used to collect and absorb the leaked substance ； In areas with high concentrations of the leak, mist containing hydrochloric acid is used for neutralization, dilution, and dissolution, followed by extraction (indoors) or forced ventilation (outdoors) ； If possible, use an exhaust fan to send the residual gas or escaping gas to a scrubber tower or a fume hood connected to the tower ； Part 7: Handling, Disposal, and Storage. Handling: Maintain strict sealing, and provide adequate local exhaust ventilation as well as general ventilation ； Operators must receive specialized training and strictly adhere to operating procedures ； It is recommended that operators wear filter-type gas masks (half-masks), chemical safety goggles, anti-static work clothing, and rubber gloves ； Stay away from sources of fire and heat; smoking and open flames are strictly prohibited in the workplace ； Prevent gas from leaking into the workplace air ； Avoid contact with oxidizers, hypochlorous acid bleaches, and other acids, halogens, gold, silver, calcium, and mercury ； Handle with care during transportation to prevent damage to the cylinders and accessories ； Storage: Be careful to prevent damage to the container ； This product is suitable for storage outdoors or separately; if stored indoors, it should be kept in a cool and well-ventilated area ； Stay away from sources of fire and heat; the storage temperature should not exceed 30℃ ； Keep away from flammable materials and store separately from other chemicals; avoid storing them together, especially various types of defoliantes, hypochlorites, iodine and acids, as well as food-grade chemicals ； Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities ； The use of mechanical equipment and tools that can generate sparks is prohibited ； The storage area should be equipped with emergency equipment for dealing with leaks ； Equipped with fire-fighting equipment of appropriate types and quantities, as well as emergency response devices for leaks ； Install appropriate warning signs to restrict access to unauthorized persons ； Part 8: Contact Control and Personal Protection Chinese MAC: 30mg/m3 (in air) ； 0.02 m3/l (in water, as NH3) Former Soviet Union MAC: 20 mg/m3’ (in air, in the workplace) ； 0.2mg/m3 (in air, residential areas) ； 2.0 mg/ml (in water, potable water). US TLV–TWA: OSHA 50 ppm, 34 mg/m3 ； ACGIH: 25 ppm, 17 mg/m3 (in air). UK TWA: 18 mg/m3 (in air). US TLV-STEL: ACGIH 35 ppm, 24 mg/m3. Germany MAK: 35 mg/m3 (in air). Monitoring method: Nessler’s reagent colorimetry ； Sampling is performed using sulfuric acid for absorption, and determination is carried out by ion-conducting chromatography. Engineering control: Containers must be tightly sealed ； Provide adequate local exhaust and general ventilation ； Provide safe bathing and eye-washing facilities ； Personal protection: Respiratory protection: When the concentration in the air is above the permissible level, it is recommended to wear a filtering gas mask (half-mask) ； Air respirators must be worn during emergency rescue or evacuation operations ； Eye protection: Wear chemical safety goggles ； Body protection: Wear ammonia-resistant, anti-static work clothing ； Hand protection: Wear rubber acid- and alkali-resistant gloves ； Other protections: Smoking, eating, and drinking are prohibited at the work site ； Once the work is done, take a bath and change clothes to maintain good hygiene habits* ； Part 9: Physical and Chemical Properties – Appearance and Characteristics: Liquid ammonia is a colorless liquid with a strong, irritating odor; it vaporizes easily to form gaseous ammonia. pH value: 11.7 (1% aqueous solution). Relative density (water = 1): 0.28 (-79°C); relative density (air = 1): 0.6. Melting point: -77°C; boiling point: -33.5°C. Upper explosive limit (% V/V): 27.4%; lower explosive limit (% V/V): 15.7%. Saturated vapor pressure: 506.62 kPa (4.7°C). Critical temperature: 132.5°C; critical pressure: 11.4 Mpa. Octanol/water partition coefficient: no data available. Flash point: no data available. Ignition temperature: 651°C. Solubility: readily soluble in water, ethanol, and ether. Part 10: Stability and Reactivity – Stability: Stable. Polymerization hazard: Does not polymerize. Hazardous reactions: Forms explosive mixtures when mixed with air ； Conditions to be avoided: high temperature, high pressure, fireworks, heat sources. Materials that are incompatible: halogens, acyl chlorides, acids, chloroform, hypochlorous acid-based bleachs, strong oxidizing agents, gold, silver, calcium, mercury ； Combustion (decomposition) products: nitrogen oxides, ammonia. Part XI: Toxicological data. Acute toxicity: (LD50) 350 mg/kg (oral, rats) ； (LC50) 1390 mg/m3 for 4 hours (inhalation in rats). Subacute and chronic toxicity: in rats, at 20 mg/m3 for 24 hours per day for 84 days, or 5–6 hours per day for 7 months, it caused neurological dysfunction and suppression of blood cholinesterase activity ； Skin irritation or corrosion: Contact of the 2% ammonia solution with the skin for 15 minutes can cause a burning sensation and blisters ； Eye irritation or corrosion: 70 ppm of vapor irritates the eyes; if not rinsed with water promptly, it can lead to partial or total blindness ； Respiratory or skin allergies: Irritation of the throat; excessive exposure leads to chronic respiratory diseases ； Germline mutagenicity: None. Mutagenicity: (Microbial mutagenicity) E. coli 1500 ppm/3 hours, (Cytogenetic analysis) rats exposed via inhalation at 1980 ug/m3 for 16 weeks. Carcinogenicity: **The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified it as a carcinogen. Reproductive toxicity: No data available. Toxicity to specific target organ systems – single exposure: No data available. Toxicity to specific target organ systems – repeated exposure: No data available. Inhalation hazards: Inhalation is the main route of exposure. The irritancy of ammonia is a reliable alarm signal for harmful concentrations. However, due to olfactory fatigue, it becomes difficult to detect low concentrations of ammonia after prolonged exposure ； Low concentrations of ammonia irritate the mucosa, while high concentrations can cause tissue dissolution and necrosis ； Part XII: Ecological Data Ecotoxicity: LC50 > 3.58 mg/1/24h (farmed salmon, fertilized) ； >3.58mg/1/24h (cherry salmon, juvenile) ； 0.068mg/1/24h (cherry salmon, 85-day-old fry) ； 0.097mg/1/24h (cherry salmon, adult) ； 24mg/1/48h (daphnia). Ecological information: This substance poses serious threats to the environment; special attention should be paid to its contamination of surface water, soil, air, and drinking water. Persistence and degradation: No data available. Potential for bioaccumulation: No data available. Mobility in soil: No data available. Part 13: Waste disposal. Nature of the waste: Hazardous waste. Method of waste disposal: Dilute with water first, then neutralize with hydrochloric acid, and subsequently discharge into the wastewater system. Disposal precautions: Refer to ** and local relevant regulations before disposal. Return the container to the manufacturer. Part XIV: Transport Information UN Number: 1005 Packaging Mark: Toxic Gas Packaging Category: Class II packaging Packaging Method: Steel gas cylinders United Nations transport name: Anhydrous ammonia United Nations GHS hazard classification: H221 Flammable gas ； H301 Acute toxicity ； H314 Causes skin corrosion/irritation. Marine pollutant: No. Transport notes: For liquid ammonia, a “toxic gas” label must be attached; air transport for passenger purposes is strictly prohibited ； >Ammonia solutions with a concentration of over 50% must be labeled as “non-flammable gases,” and their transportation by air passenger aircraft is strictly prohibited ； Ammonia solutions with a concentration of 35–50% must be labeled as “dangerous gas” and transported in limited quantities ； Ammonia solutions with a concentration of 10–35% must be labeled as \"corrosive\" and transported in limited quantities ； For the railway transportation of this product, pressure-resistant liquefied gas tank cars provided by the enterprise itself are used for shipment, and approval from the relevant authorities must be obtained prior to shipping ； When transporting in a gas cylinder, it is necessary to wear the safety cap on the cylinder ； Gas cylinders should generally be placed horizontally, with their openings facing in the same direction; they must not be crossed with each other. Their height shall not exceed the vehicle’s protective guard, and they should be secured using wooden braces to prevent them from rolling ； During transportation, the vehicle used should be equipped with fire-fighting equipment of the appropriate type and in sufficient quantity ； The exhaust pipes of the vehicles used to transport this item must be equipped with flame arrestors; the use of mechanical equipment and tools that may generate sparks for loading and unloading is prohibited ； Mixing or transporting together with oxidizers, acids, halogens, food chemicals, etc. is strictly prohibited ； During summer, transportation should take place in the morning and evening to avoid exposure to direct sunlight ； When making stops en route, stay away from sources of fire and heat. When traveling by road, follow the designated routes; stopping in residential areas or densely populated zones is prohibited ； Sliding is prohibited during railway transportation. Part XV: Regulatory Information Regulations such as the Work Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China (adopted by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on June 29, 2002), the Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals (issued by the State Council on January 9, 2002), and the Provisions on the Safe Use of Chemicals in the Workplace (Labor Department Order No. 423) contain provisions regarding the safe production, use, storage, transportation, and handling of chemical hazards. The hazard category for liquid ammonia under the Global Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) is: H221 Flammable gas ； H301 Acute toxicity ； H314 Causes skin corrosion/irritation. Part XVI Other Information References: Global Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS); Content and Order of Items in Safety Data Sheets for Chemicals (GB16483-2008) ； \"The Latest Practical Handbook on Chemical Hazards\", compiled by the Labor Information and Documentation Center of the Ministry of Labor, edited by Liu Dehui, China Materials Publishing House, 1995 ； Practical Handbook on Health and Safety of Toxic Chemicals, Wang Ziqi, Chemical Industry Press, 1993 ； \"Chemical Engineering Safety and Environment,\" Issue 16, 1999. Form completion date: Month Day, 2013. Department that filled out the form: Data review unit: Xinjiang Meihua Responsibility Co., Ltd. Publication date: Month Day, 2013. Revision notes: 1st edition
Production:
Telephone: 0994-
Address:
Postal code:
Emergency hotline for chemical accidents: 0994-
Safety Data Sheet for Chemicals (Liquid Ammonia)
Part 1: Identification of the chemical and the enterprise
Chinese name of the chemical: Anhydrous ammonia
English name of the chemical: Ammonia
Enterprise name:
Address:
Postal code:
Enterprise emergency telephone number:
Email address:
Recommended uses: Used as a refrigerant and in the production of ammonium salts and nitrogen fertilizers.
Restricted uses: No information available.
Fax number: 0994-6809001
Technical data sheet number: 2013001
Effective date: [Month] [Day], 2013
Part 2: Hazard summary
Physical and chemical hazard information: Flammable gas ； Mixing with air can form an explosive mixture ； It can catch fire and explode in the presence of open flames or high heat ； It undergoes vigorous chemical reactions when exposed to fluorine, chlorine, etc ； Effects on human health: Once in the body, ammonia hinders the tricarboxylic acid cycle and reduces the function of cytochrome oxidase ； It leads to an increase in brain ammonia, which can have neurotoxic effects. High concentrations of ammonia can cause tissue dissolution and necrosis ； GHS Hazard Class: H221 Flammable gas ； H301 Acute toxicity ； H314 Skin corrosion/irritation. Main symptoms following human exposure: Inhalation: Mild inhalation effects include sore throat, coughing, expectoration or hemoptysis, chest tightness, and pain behind the sternum ； Acute inhalation is characterized by irritation and burns of the respiratory mucosa ； Severe aspiration presents with laryngeal edema, glottic stenosis, and shedding of the respiratory mucosa, which can lead to tracheal obstruction and asphyxiation. Skin contact: Causes pain and burns; the skin takes on a coffee-colored appearance. The corroded area becomes gelatinous and soft, and deep tissue damage can occur. Emergency overview: Quickly evacuate to the leak-contaminated area; personnel should move to the upwind side. Immediately establish a 150-meter exclusion zone, with strict access control. Extinguish the fire. It is recommended that responders wear self-contained positive-pressure air respirators and fire protection suits. In areas with high-concentration leaks, neutralize by spraying hydrochloric acid-containing mist. Part 3: Composition/Ingredient Information Material name: Ammonia ； Ammonia ； liquid ammonia ； NH3 ； CAS No.: 7664-41-7 Substance concentration: 99% Part 4: First aid measures First aid information for different modes of exposure: Inhalation: Symptoms may include tearing, sore throat, hoarseness, coughing, expectoration, respiratory distress, coma, and shock ； Quickly leave the area and go to a place with fresh air to keep the respiratory tract unobstructed ； If there is difficulty breathing, administer oxygen ； If breathing stops, perform artificial respiration immediately ； Seek medical attention ； Skin contact: Can cause severe pain and burns, as well as coffee-colored discoloration ； The corroded area becomes gelatinous and soft, with possible deep tissue damage ； The contaminated clothing should be removed immediately, and the affected area should be thoroughly rinsed with plenty of clean water or a 2% boric acid solution, after which medical attention should be sought right away ； Eye contact: High concentrations of ammonia are highly irritating to the eyes, causing pain and burns, leading to significant inflammation. It can also result in edema, damage to the epithelial tissue, clouding of the cornea, and inflammation of the iris. In mild cases, symptoms usually subside, but in severe cases they may persist for a long time, leading to complications such as persistent edema, scarring, permanent clouding of the eyes, protrusion of the eyes, cataracts, adhesion of the eyelids to the eyeball, and blindness. Multiple or prolonged exposure to ammonia can cause conjunctivitis ； Immediately lift the eyelids and thoroughly rinse with plenty of running water or saline for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention immediately ； Ingestion: Seek medical attention immediately ； Do not induce vomiting ； Advice for protecting rescuers: If the patient has inhaled or ingested such substances, do not perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation ； If artificial respiration is required, use a pocket mask with a one-way valve or other appropriate medical breathing devices ； Part 5: Fire-fighting Measures. Methods of extinguishing fires: Firefighters must wear full-body fire and poison-resistant suits, fight the fire from the upwind direction, and cut off the gas supply ； If the gas supply cannot be cut off, it is not permitted to extinguish the flame at the leak site ； Spray water on the container; if possible, move the container away from the fire to an open area for handling ； Extinguishing agents: fogged water, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide, sand ； Hazardous properties: Can form explosive mixtures with air; may catch fire and explode in contact with open flames or high heat ； Contact with fluorine, chlorine, and the like will result in violent chemical reactions ； In case of high temperatures, the pressure inside the container increases, posing a risk of cracking and explosion ； Firefighter protective equipment: full-face filter respirators (or full-face air-supplied respirators), complete self-contained breathing apparatus (with air supply, helmet, mask), goggles, ammonia-resistant protective clothing (gloves, aprons, boots), fire extinguishing equipment, emergency shower facilities, and eye drops ； Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation equipment ； Section 6: Emergency Response to Leaks – Protective Measures for Workers: In situations where ammonia concentrations are high, workers should wear full-face filtering masks (or full-face supplied-air respirators), goggles, as well as protective clothing resistant to ammonia penetration (gloves, aprons, boots) ； In situations where the ammonia concentration exceeds safe limits significantly, a full set of self-contained breathing apparatus (with an air supply) must be worn ； Equipped with emergency shower facilities and eye drops ； Protective equipment: 2% boric acid solution, 1%-2% citric acid solution, 0.5% citric acid solution, or paraffin ； Gas masks (positive-pressure air respirators, filter-type), rubber gloves, gas- and static-proof clothing, protective boots ； Bamboo sticks, cork plugs, lead plugs, wire, special pipe clamps, special devices for sealing leaks, rubber gaskets, sealing materials ； Pliers, forceps, wrenches, etc ； Fire extinguishers, water-resistant foam, carbon dioxide, sand and other fire-fighting equipment ； Emergency response procedures: Evacuate quickly from the area contaminated by the leak to an upwind location. The responders must wear positive-pressure air respirators as well as fire-resistant, gas-proof, and anti-static clothing. Seal the source of leakage as much as possible, ensure proper ventilation to accelerate dispersion. In areas with high-concentration leaks, neutralize by spraying hydrochloric acid-containing mist. If possible, use an exhaust fan to send the residual gas or escaping gas to a wash tower or a fume hood connected to the tower ； Environmental protection measures: Spray water to suppress vapor or change the direction of vapor clouds, but it is prohibited to use water directly to strike the leaked liquid ammonia or the source of the leak ； Prevent leaks from entering water bodies, sewers, basements, or enclosed spaces ； Chemical containment: Leaks can be collected and absorbed using inert absorbent materials such as sand or vermiculite ； The collected leaks should be placed in sealed containers labeled accordingly for disposal ； Removal method: Do not touch the spill ； In the event of a small leak, inert materials such as sand and vermiculite can be used to collect and absorb the leaked substance ； In areas with high concentrations of the leak, mist containing hydrochloric acid is used for neutralization, dilution, and dissolution, followed by extraction (indoors) or forced ventilation (outdoors) ； If possible, use an exhaust fan to send the residual gas or escaping gas to a scrubber tower or a fume hood connected to the tower ； Part 7: Handling, Disposal, and Storage. Handling: Maintain strict sealing, and provide adequate local exhaust ventilation as well as general ventilation ； Operators must receive specialized training and strictly adhere to operating procedures ； It is recommended that operators wear filter-type gas masks (half-masks), chemical safety goggles, anti-static work clothing, and rubber gloves ； Stay away from sources of fire and heat; smoking and open flames are strictly prohibited in the workplace ； Prevent gas from leaking into the workplace air ； Avoid contact with oxidizers, hypochlorous acid bleaches, and other acids, halogens, gold, silver, calcium, and mercury ； Handle with care during transportation to prevent damage to the cylinders and accessories ； Storage: Be careful to prevent damage to the container ； This product is suitable for storage outdoors or separately; if stored indoors, it should be kept in a cool and well-ventilated area ； Stay away from sources of fire and heat; the storage temperature should not exceed 30℃ ； Keep away from flammable materials and store separately from other chemicals; avoid storing them together, especially various types of defoliantes, hypochlorites, iodine and acids, as well as food-grade chemicals ； Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities ； The use of mechanical equipment and tools that can generate sparks is prohibited ； The storage area should be equipped with emergency equipment for dealing with leaks ； Equipped with fire-fighting equipment of appropriate types and quantities, as well as emergency response devices for leaks ； Install appropriate warning signs to restrict access to unauthorized persons ； Part 8: Contact Control and Personal Protection Chinese MAC: 30mg/m3 (in air) ； 0.02 m3/l (in water, as NH3) Former Soviet Union MAC: 20 mg/m3’ (in air, in the workplace) ； 0.2mg/m3 (in air, residential areas) ； 2.0 mg/ml (in water, potable water). US TLV–TWA: OSHA 50 ppm, 34 mg/m3 ； ACGIH: 25 ppm, 17 mg/m3 (in air). UK TWA: 18 mg/m3 (in air). US TLV-STEL: ACGIH 35 ppm, 24 mg/m3. Germany MAK: 35 mg/m3 (in air). Monitoring method: Nessler’s reagent colorimetry ； Sampling is performed using sulfuric acid for absorption, and determination is carried out by ion-conducting chromatography. Engineering control: Containers must be tightly sealed ； Provide adequate local exhaust and general ventilation ； Provide safe bathing and eye-washing facilities ； Personal protection: Respiratory protection: When the concentration in the air is above the permissible level, it is recommended to wear a filtering gas mask (half-mask) ； Air respirators must be worn during emergency rescue or evacuation operations ； Eye protection: Wear chemical safety goggles ； Body protection: Wear ammonia-resistant, anti-static work clothing ； Hand protection: Wear rubber acid- and alkali-resistant gloves ； Other protections: Smoking, eating, and drinking are prohibited at the work site ； Once the work is done, take a bath and change clothes to maintain good hygiene habits* ； Part 9: Physical and Chemical Properties – Appearance and Characteristics: Liquid ammonia is a colorless liquid with a strong, irritating odor; it vaporizes easily to form gaseous ammonia. pH value: 11.7 (1% aqueous solution). Relative density (water = 1): 0.28 (-79°C); relative density (air = 1): 0.6. Melting point: -77°C; boiling point: -33.5°C. Upper explosive limit (% V/V): 27.4%; lower explosive limit (% V/V): 15.7%. Saturated vapor pressure: 506.62 kPa (4.7°C). Critical temperature: 132.5°C; critical pressure: 11.4 Mpa. Octanol/water partition coefficient: no data available. Flash point: no data available. Ignition temperature: 651°C. Solubility: readily soluble in water, ethanol, and ether. Part 10: Stability and Reactivity – Stability: Stable. Polymerization hazard: Does not polymerize. Hazardous reactions: Forms explosive mixtures when mixed with air ； Conditions to be avoided: high temperature, high pressure, fireworks, heat sources. Materials that are incompatible: halogens, acyl chlorides, acids, chloroform, hypochlorous acid-based bleachs, strong oxidizing agents, gold, silver, calcium, mercury ； Combustion (decomposition) products: nitrogen oxides, ammonia. Part XI: Toxicological data. Acute toxicity: (LD50) 350 mg/kg (oral, rats) ； (LC50) 1390 mg/m3 for 4 hours (inhalation in rats). Subacute and chronic toxicity: in rats, at 20 mg/m3 for 24 hours per day for 84 days, or 5–6 hours per day for 7 months, it caused neurological dysfunction and suppression of blood cholinesterase activity ； Skin irritation or corrosion: Contact of the 2% ammonia solution with the skin for 15 minutes can cause a burning sensation and blisters ； Eye irritation or corrosion: 70 ppm of vapor irritates the eyes; if not rinsed with water promptly, it can lead to partial or total blindness ； Respiratory or skin allergies: Irritation of the throat; excessive exposure leads to chronic respiratory diseases ； Germline mutagenicity: None. Mutagenicity: (Microbial mutagenicity) E. coli 1500 ppm/3 hours, (Cytogenetic analysis) rats exposed via inhalation at 1980 ug/m3 for 16 weeks. Carcinogenicity: **The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified it as a carcinogen. Reproductive toxicity: No data available. Toxicity to specific target organ systems – single exposure: No data available. Toxicity to specific target organ systems – repeated exposure: No data available. Inhalation hazards: Inhalation is the main route of exposure. The irritancy of ammonia is a reliable alarm signal for harmful concentrations. However, due to olfactory fatigue, it becomes difficult to detect low concentrations of ammonia after prolonged exposure ； Low concentrations of ammonia irritate the mucosa, while high concentrations can cause tissue dissolution and necrosis ； Part XII: Ecological Data Ecotoxicity: LC50 > 3.58 mg/1/24h (farmed salmon, fertilized) ； >3.58mg/1/24h (cherry salmon, juvenile) ； 0.068mg/1/24h (cherry salmon, 85-day-old fry) ； 0.097mg/1/24h (cherry salmon, adult) ； 24mg/1/48h (daphnia). Ecological information: This substance poses serious threats to the environment; special attention should be paid to its contamination of surface water, soil, air, and drinking water. Persistence and degradation: No data available. Potential for bioaccumulation: No data available. Mobility in soil: No data available. Part 13: Waste disposal. Nature of the waste: Hazardous waste. Method of waste disposal: Dilute with water first, then neutralize with hydrochloric acid, and subsequently discharge into the wastewater system. Disposal precautions: Refer to ** and local relevant regulations before disposal. Return the container to the manufacturer. Part XIV: Transport Information UN Number: 1005 Packaging Mark: Toxic Gas Packaging Category: Class II packaging Packaging Method: Steel gas cylinders United Nations transport name: Anhydrous ammonia United Nations GHS hazard classification: H221 Flammable gas ； H301 Acute toxicity ； H314 Causes skin corrosion/irritation. Marine pollutant: No. Transport notes: For liquid ammonia, a “toxic gas” label must be attached; air transport for passenger purposes is strictly prohibited ； >Ammonia solutions with a concentration of over 50% must be labeled as “non-flammable gases,” and their transportation by air passenger aircraft is strictly prohibited ； Ammonia solutions with a concentration of 35–50% must be labeled as “dangerous gas” and transported in limited quantities ； Ammonia solutions with a concentration of 10–35% must be labeled as \"corrosive\" and transported in limited quantities ； For the railway transportation of this product, pressure-resistant liquefied gas tank cars provided by the enterprise itself are used for shipment, and approval from the relevant authorities must be obtained prior to shipping ； When transporting in a gas cylinder, it is necessary to wear the safety cap on the cylinder ； Gas cylinders should generally be placed horizontally, with their openings facing in the same direction; they must not be crossed with each other. Their height shall not exceed the vehicle’s protective guard, and they should be secured using wooden braces to prevent them from rolling ； During transportation, the vehicle used should be equipped with fire-fighting equipment of the appropriate type and in sufficient quantity ； The exhaust pipes of the vehicles used to transport this item must be equipped with flame arrestors; the use of mechanical equipment and tools that may generate sparks for loading and unloading is prohibited ； Mixing or transporting together with oxidizers, acids, halogens, food chemicals, etc. is strictly prohibited ； During summer, transportation should take place in the morning and evening to avoid exposure to direct sunlight ； When making stops en route, stay away from sources of fire and heat. When traveling by road, follow the designated routes; stopping in residential areas or densely populated zones is prohibited ； Sliding is prohibited during railway transportation. Part XV: Regulatory Information Regulations such as the Work Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China (adopted by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on June 29, 2002), the Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals (issued by the State Council on January 9, 2002), and the Provisions on the Safe Use of Chemicals in the Workplace (Labor Department Order No. 423) contain provisions regarding the safe production, use, storage, transportation, and handling of chemical hazards. The hazard category for liquid ammonia under the Global Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) is: H221 Flammable gas ； H301 Acute toxicity ； H314 Causes skin corrosion/irritation. Part XVI Other Information References: Global Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS); Content and Order of Items in Safety Data Sheets for Chemicals (GB16483-2008) ； \"The Latest Practical Handbook on Chemical Hazards\", compiled by the Labor Information and Documentation Center of the Ministry of Labor, edited by Liu Dehui, China Materials Publishing House, 1995 ； Practical Handbook on Health and Safety of Toxic Chemicals, Wang Ziqi, Chemical Industry Press, 1993 ； \"Chemical Engineering Safety and Environment,\" Issue 16, 1999. Form completion date: Month Day, 2013. Department that filled out the form: Data review unit: Xinjiang Meihua Responsibility Co., Ltd. Publication date: Month Day, 2013. Revision notes: 1st edition
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