“Daily Share 4.27” Lubricant Bench Testing

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After evaluating their specific physical and chemical properties, lubricants generally undergo certain simulated bench tests, including some engine tests, before they can be put into use. Oils with extreme pressure and anti-wear properties must have their extrusion anti-wear performance evaluated. Commonly used testing machines include the Timken ring rapid testing machine, FZG gear testing machine, Fallex testing machine, and roller fatigue testing machine; these are all used to evaluate a lubricant’s ability to withstand extreme pressure loads or its wear resistance. The most commonly used testing machine for evaluating the extreme pressure properties of oils is the four-ball tester, which can determine the oil’s maximum load without seizure, sintering load, long-term wear, and comprehensive wear index. These indicators can reflect the extreme pressure and anti-wear properties of lubricants to a certain extent, but in many cases they do not show a good correlation with the actual performance in use. It is still widely used simply because this method is simple and easy to implement. In the standards for high-quality vehicle gear oils, a series of gear bench tests are required, including tests under low speed and high torque conditions as well as at high speed with low torque ； Gear testing with impact negative pressure ； Rust testing of reduction gears and gear testing for the thermal oxidative stability of oils. There are many single-cylinder bench test methods for evaluating diesel engine oils, such as Pitot W-1, AV-1, AV-B, and Lебек L-38, as well as domestic methods like 11005 and 1135 for single cylinders; these can be used to assess different grades of diesel engine oils. Currently, the quality classification standards for API diesel engine oils specify that diesel engine oils are evaluated using the Caterpillar, Mack, Cummins, single-cylinder, and GM multi-cylinder criteria ； Gasoline engine oils are subjected to tests such as MS Program II D (corrosion, wear resistance), III E (high-temperature oxidation), and VE (low-temperature sludge). These bench tests require significant investment, with high costs for each test. They also impose strict requirements on testing conditions such as environmental control and fuel standards, conditions that not every ordinary laboratory is equipped to meet. However, due to the varying properties of different types of oils and the wide range of applications for them, it is necessary to establish specification standards based on the actual characteristics of each type of oil. These standards ensure that every batch of oil produced meets the required quality criteria, thereby satisfying the actual needs of the equipment.