Do you know how buildings should be classified?

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Do you know how buildings should be classified? I. Classification and characteristics of building uses 1. Civil buildings: Structures used for people’s living, residence, and engaging in various cultural and welfare activities. Based on their different uses, there are the following two categories: (1) Residential buildings: Structures used for people’s daily living, such as homes, dormitories, hotels, and guesthouses. (2) Public buildings: Structures used for social and public activities as well as various welfare facilities, such as schools, libraries, theaters, etc. 2. Industrial buildings: A general term for various structures and buildings used for carrying out various industrial production activities. These buildings used for production are usually called industrial plants. Including workshops, substations, boiler rooms, warehouses, etc. II. Classification by the materials of the building structure 1. Brick-wood structure: The main load-bearing elements of such buildings are made of bricks and wood. Among them, vertical load-bearing elements such as walls and columns are constructed of bricks, while horizontal load-bearing elements such as floor slabs and roof trusses are made of wood. Houses with this structural design have few floors and are mostly used for single-story buildings. 2. Brick-concrete structure: The walls and columns of the building are constructed from bricks, while the beams, floor slabs, stairs, and roof are made of reinforced concrete, resulting in a brick-reinforced concrete structure. This structure is commonly used in civil buildings with a limited number of floors (six or fewer) as well as in small industrial facilities; it is a structure type that is widely adopted today. 3. Reinforced concrete structure: The beams, columns, floor slabs, and foundations of the building are all made of reinforced concrete. Beams, floor slabs, columns, and foundations form a load-bearing framework, which is why it is also known as a frame structure. The wall serves only as a barrier and is built with bricks. This structure is used in high-rise or long-span building projects. 4. Steel structure: The load-bearing components of a building, such as beams, columns, and roof trusses, are made of steel, while the walls are constructed from bricks or other materials. This structure is commonly used in large industrial buildings. III. Classification by the load-bearing mechanism of the building structure 1. Load-bearing wall structure: The path of force transmission is as follows – the weight of the roof is borne by the roof trusses (or beams and columns); these trusses are supported by the load-bearing walls. The weight of the floors is supported by the beams and slabs that make up the floor structure, and these in turn are supported by the load-bearing walls. Therefore, the loads from the roof and floors are all borne by the load-bearing walls ； There is a foundation beneath the wall, and beneath the foundation lies the soil base; all loads are transferred from the wall and foundation to the soil base. 2. Frame structure: The main load-bearing elements are beams and columns; however, these beams and columns are connected in a rigid manner (in reinforced concrete structures, this is achieved by welding the rebar at the ends and then pouring concrete to form a single unit), thereby creating a rigid frame (also known as a framework). Generally, multi-story industrial buildings or large high-rise residential buildings are mostly of frame structure. 3. Frame structure: The main load-bearing system consists of roof trusses and columns. The top ends of the roof trusses and columns are hinged together (usually by welding or bolted connections), while the lower ends of the columns are fixed in the foundation. This method is generally used for most single-story industrial buildings. 4. Others: Due to the needs of urban development, some high-rise and super-high-rise buildings need to be constructed. The structural forms mentioned above are not sufficient to withstand horizontal loads (wind load, seismic load); as a result, shear wall structural systems and tubular structural systems were developed. IV. Classification by building height Buildings can be classified into the following categories based on the number of floors they have: 1. Low-rise: 2 floors or less. 2. Multi-story: 2 floors to 8 floors. 3. Mid-high-rise: 8 floors to 16 floors. 4. High-rise: 16 floors to 24 floors. 5. Super high-rise: 24 floors or more