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1. Power Industry It is estimated that the operating costs of water treatment units in the power industry account for about 10% of the total power generation costs. By using deionized water instead of ion exchange resins, the cost per 1,000 gallons of water treated can be reduced from $11 to $1.75. 2. Pharmaceutical industry Although water used in pharmaceuticals does not require a very high degree of deionization, electrodeionization systems offer the advantage of simultaneously removing salts and controlling microbial levels; as a result, many companies have adopted RO/EDI integrated systems. It is said that such systems have stable performance, with continuous computer monitoring throughout the entire process, enabling fully automatic operation without any human intervention. 3. Electronics industry The electronics industry has high requirements regarding water quality; the resistivity of the water must remain consistently above 18 MΩ. The resistivity of water produced by EDI is usually around 15–17 MΩ. Therefore, in the production of electronic-grade ultra-pure water, an EDI + polishing resin system is commonly used, that is, ion exchange is applied after the EDI process. Although ion exchange is still required in this approach, since EDI has already removed most of the ions, the polishing resin hardly needs to be regenerated, resulting in low water treatment costs. 4. Electroplating and Metal Surface Treatment Electrodeionization can be used for the treatment of electroplating wastewater, enabling the reuse of water and the recovery of heavy metal ions. The United States already has experimental installations for this type of system.