【Daily Discussion】Utilities - Mechanical & Electrical - 20200918

Metal materials are divided into two main categories: ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals. In a broader sense, ferrous metals also include manganese, chromium, and their alloys. I. Black metal materials (1) Pig iron (an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction > 2%): steel-making pig iron, casting pig iron. (II) Cast iron (an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction >2%, usually 2.5%~3.5%): ① Gray cast iron, white cast iron; ② Ordinary cast iron, nodular cast iron. (III) Steel (iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction ≤ 2%). Carbon structural steel, alloy structural steel, low-alloy high-strength steel with special properties. Classified by steel application: ① structural steel; ② tool steel; ③ special-purpose steel; ④ dedicated steel; ⑤ cast steel; ⑥ forged steel; ⑦ hot-rolled steel; ⑧ cold-rolled steel. (IV) Steel 1. Profiles: In mechanical and electrical engineering, the commonly used profiles include round steel, square steel, flat steel, H-shaped steel, angle steel, I-beam, T-shaped steel, channel steel, and railway rails. 2. Sheet metal: Based on thickness, it can be divided into thick sheets, medium sheets, and thin sheets. Among them, cold-rolled sheets are only thin sheets. Materials for the drum of medium and low-pressure boilers: specialized boiler carbon steel. Material for the steam drum of high-pressure boilers: manufactured from low-alloy steel. 3. Pipe materials: For example, the seamless steel pipes used in boiler water walls and economizers are generally high-quality carbon steel pipes or low-alloy steel pipes; whereas the seamless steel pipes used in superheaters and reheaters, depending on the wall temperature, are usually made of grades such as 15CrMo or 12CrMoV. 4. Steel products: In mechanical and electrical engineering, the commonly used steel products mainly include welding electrodes, pipe fittings, valves, etc. II. Non-ferrous Metals (I) Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys ； (II) Copper and copper alloys ； (III) Titanium and titanium alloys (airplane fuselages, eyeglass frames, etc.) ； (IV) Magnesium and magnesium alloys: (V) Nickel and nickel alloys:

Metal materials are divided into two main categories: ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals. In a broader sense, ferrous metals also include manganese, chromium, and their alloys. I. Black metal materials (1) Pig iron (an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction > 2%): steel-making pig iron, casting pig iron. (II) Cast iron (an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction >2%, usually 2.5%~3.5%): ① Gray cast iron, white cast iron; ② Ordinary cast iron, nodular cast iron. (III) Steel (iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction ≤ 2%). Carbon structural steel, alloy structural steel, low-alloy high-strength steel with special properties. Classified by steel application: ① structural steel; ② tool steel; ③ special-purpose steel; ④ dedicated steel; ⑤ cast steel; ⑥ forged steel; ⑦ hot-rolled steel; ⑧ cold-rolled steel. (IV) Steel 1. Profiles: In mechanical and electrical engineering, the commonly used profiles include round steel, square steel, flat steel, H-shaped steel, angle steel, I-beam, T-shaped steel, channel steel, and railway rails. 2. Sheet metal: Based on thickness, it can be divided into thick sheets, medium sheets, and thin sheets. Among them, cold-rolled sheets are only thin sheets. Materials for the drum of medium and low-pressure boilers: specialized boiler carbon steel. Material for the steam drum of high-pressure boilers: manufactured from low-alloy steel. 3. Pipe materials: For example, the seamless steel pipes used in boiler water walls and economizers are generally high-quality carbon steel pipes or low-alloy steel pipes; whereas the seamless steel pipes used in superheaters and reheaters, depending on the wall temperature, are usually made of grades such as 15CrMo or 12CrMoV. 4. Steel products: In mechanical and electrical engineering, the commonly used steel products mainly include welding electrodes, pipe fittings, valves, etc. II. Non-ferrous Metals (I) Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys ； (II) Copper and copper alloys ； (III) Titanium and titanium alloys (airplane fuselages, eyeglass frames, etc.) ； (IV) Magnesium and magnesium alloys: (V) Nickel and nickel alloys:

Metal materials are divided into two main categories: ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals. In a broader sense, ferrous metals also include manganese, chromium, and their alloys. I. Black metal materials (1) Pig iron (an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction > 2%): steel-making pig iron, casting pig iron. (II) Cast iron (an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction >2%, usually 2.5%~3.5%): ① Gray cast iron, white cast iron; ② Ordinary cast iron, nodular cast iron. (III) Steel (iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction ≤ 2%). Carbon structural steel, alloy structural steel, low-alloy high-strength steel with special properties. Classified by steel application: ① structural steel; ② tool steel; ③ special-purpose steel; ④ dedicated steel; ⑤ cast steel; ⑥ forged steel; ⑦ hot-rolled steel; ⑧ cold-rolled steel. (IV) Steel 1. Profiles: In mechanical and electrical engineering, the commonly used profiles include round steel, square steel, flat steel, H-shaped steel, angle steel, I-beam, T-shaped steel, channel steel, and railway rails. 2. Sheet metal: Based on thickness, it can be divided into thick sheets, medium sheets, and thin sheets. Among them, cold-rolled sheets are only thin sheets. Materials for the drum of medium and low-pressure boilers: specialized boiler carbon steel. Material for the steam drum of high-pressure boilers: manufactured from low-alloy steel. 3. Pipe materials: For example, the seamless steel pipes used in boiler water walls and economizers are generally high-quality carbon steel pipes or low-alloy steel pipes; whereas the seamless steel pipes used in superheaters and reheaters, depending on the wall temperature, are usually made of grades such as 15CrMo or 12CrMoV. 4. Steel products: In mechanical and electrical engineering, the commonly used steel products mainly include welding electrodes, pipe fittings, valves, etc. II. Non-ferrous Metals (I) Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys ； (II) Copper and copper alloys ； (III) Titanium and titanium alloys (airplane fuselages, eyeglass frames, etc.) ； (IV) Magnesium and magnesium alloys: (V) Nickel and nickel alloys:

Metal materials are divided into two main categories: ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals. In a broader sense, ferrous metals also include manganese, chromium, and their alloys. I. Black metal materials (1) Pig iron (an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction > 2%): steel-making pig iron, casting pig iron. (II) Cast iron (an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction >2%, usually 2.5%~3.5%): ① Gray cast iron, white cast iron; ② Ordinary cast iron, nodular cast iron. (III) Steel (iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction ≤ 2%). Carbon structural steel, alloy structural steel, low-alloy high-strength steel with special properties. Classified by steel application: ① structural steel; ② tool steel; ③ special-purpose steel; ④ dedicated steel; ⑤ cast steel; ⑥ forged steel; ⑦ hot-rolled steel; ⑧ cold-rolled steel. (IV) Steel 1. Profiles: In mechanical and electrical engineering, the commonly used profiles include round steel, square steel, flat steel, H-shaped steel, angle steel, I-beam, T-shaped steel, channel steel, and railway rails. 2. Sheet metal: Based on thickness, it can be divided into thick sheets, medium sheets, and thin sheets. Among them, cold-rolled sheets are only thin sheets. Materials for the drum of medium and low-pressure boilers: specialized boiler carbon steel. Material for the steam drum of high-pressure boilers: manufactured from low-alloy steel. 3. Pipe materials: For example, the seamless steel pipes used in boiler water walls and economizers are generally high-quality carbon steel pipes or low-alloy steel pipes; whereas the seamless steel pipes used in superheaters and reheaters, depending on the wall temperature, are usually made of grades such as 15CrMo or 12CrMoV. 4. Steel products: In mechanical and electrical engineering, the commonly used steel products mainly include welding electrodes, pipe fittings, valves, etc. II. Non-ferrous Metals (I) Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys ； (II) Copper and copper alloys ； (III) Titanium and titanium alloys (airplane fuselages, eyeglass frames, etc.) ； (IV) Magnesium and magnesium alloys: (V) Nickel and nickel alloys:

Metal materials are divided into two main categories: ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals. In a broader sense, ferrous metals also include manganese, chromium, and their alloys. I. Black metal materials (1) Pig iron (an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction > 2%): steel-making pig iron, casting pig iron. (II) Cast iron (an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction >2%, usually 2.5%~3.5%): ① Gray cast iron, white cast iron; ② Ordinary cast iron, nodular cast iron. (III) Steel (iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction ≤ 2%). Carbon structural steel, alloy structural steel, low-alloy high-strength steel with special properties. ? ?? ? Classified by steel application: ① structural steel; ② tool steel; ③ special-purpose steel; ④ specialty steel; ⑤ cast steel; ⑥ forged steel; ⑦ hot-rolled steel; ⑧ cold-rolled steel. (IV) Steel 1. Profiles: In mechanical and electrical engineering, the commonly used profiles include round steel, square steel, flat steel, H-shaped steel, angle steel, I-beam, T-shaped steel, channel steel, and railway rails. 2. Sheet metal: Based on thickness, it can be divided into thick sheets, medium sheets, and thin sheets. Among them, cold-rolled sheets are only thin sheets. Materials for the drum of medium and low-pressure boilers: specialized boiler carbon steel. Material for the steam drum of high-pressure boilers: manufactured from low-alloy steel. 3. Pipe materials: For example, the seamless steel pipes used in boiler water walls and economizers are generally high-quality carbon steel pipes or low-alloy steel pipes; whereas the seamless steel pipes used in superheaters and reheaters, depending on the wall temperature, are usually made of grades such as 15CrMo or 12CrMoV. 4. Steel products: In mechanical and electrical engineering, the commonly used steel products mainly include welding electrodes, pipe fittings, valves, etc. II. Non-ferrous Metals (I) Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys ； (II) Copper and copper alloys ； (III) Titanium and titanium alloys (airplane fuselages, eyeglass frames, etc.) ； (IV) Magnesium and magnesium alloys: (V) Nickel and nickel alloys:

Metal materials are divided into two main categories: ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals. In a broader sense, ferrous metals also include manganese, chromium, and their alloys. I. Black metal materials (1) Pig iron (an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction > 2%): steel-making pig iron, casting pig iron. (II) Cast iron (an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction >2%, usually 2.5%~3.5%): ① Gray cast iron, white cast iron; ② Ordinary cast iron, nodular cast iron. (III) Steel (iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction ≤ 2%). Carbon structural steel, alloy structural steel, low-alloy high-strength steel with special properties. Classified by steel application: ① structural steel; ② tool steel; ③ special-purpose steel; ④ dedicated steel; ⑤ cast steel; ⑥ forged steel; ⑦ hot-rolled steel; ⑧ cold-rolled steel. (IV) Steel 1. Profiles: In mechanical and electrical engineering, the commonly used profiles include round steel, square steel, flat steel, H-shaped steel, angle steel, I-beam, T-shaped steel, channel steel, and railway rails. 2. Sheet metal: Based on thickness, it can be divided into thick sheets, medium sheets, and thin sheets. Among them, cold-rolled sheets are only thin sheets. Materials for the drum of medium and low-pressure boilers: specialized boiler carbon steel. Material for the steam drum of high-pressure boilers: manufactured from low-alloy steel. 3. Pipe materials: For example, the seamless steel pipes used in boiler water walls and economizers are generally high-quality carbon steel pipes or low-alloy steel pipes; whereas the seamless steel pipes used in superheaters and reheaters, depending on the wall temperature, are usually made of grades such as 15CrMo or 12CrMoV. 4. Steel products: In mechanical and electrical engineering, the commonly used steel products mainly include welding electrodes, pipe fittings, valves, etc. II. Non-ferrous Metals (I) Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys ； (II) Copper and copper alloys ； (III) Titanium and titanium alloys (airplane fuselages, eyeglass frames, etc.) ； (IV) Magnesium and magnesium alloys: (V) Nickel and nickel alloys:

This post was last edited by maysee on 2020-9-23 08:49. Metals are divided into two main categories: ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals. Ferrous metals mainly refer to iron, manganese, chromium and their alloys, such as steel, pig iron, ferroalloys, cast iron, etc. Metals other than ferrous metals are called non-ferrous metals. Non-ferrous metals can be divided into: heavy metals: those with a density of generally over 4.5 g/cm3, such as copper, lead, zinc, etc ； Light metals: low density (0.53–4.5 g/cm3) and reactive chemical properties, such as aluminum and magnesium ； Precious metals: They are present in small amounts in the Earth’s crust, are difficult to extract, have high prices, high density, and stable chemical properties; examples include gold, silver, platinum, etc ； Rare metals: such as tungsten, molybdenum, germanium, lithium, lanthanum, uranium, etc.

Metal materials are divided into two main categories: ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals. In a broader sense, ferrous metals also include manganese, chromium, and their alloys. I. Black metal materials (1) Pig iron (an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction > 2%): steel-making pig iron, casting pig iron. (II) Cast iron (an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction >2%, usually 2.5%~3.5%): ① Gray cast iron, white cast iron; ② Ordinary cast iron, nodular cast iron. (III) Steel (iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction ≤ 2%). Carbon structural steel, alloy structural steel, low-alloy high-strength steel with special properties. Classified by steel application: ① structural steel; ② tool steel; ③ special-purpose steel; ④ dedicated steel; ⑤ cast steel; ⑥ forged steel; ⑦ hot-rolled steel; ⑧ cold-rolled steel. (IV) Steel 1. Profiles: In mechanical and electrical engineering, the commonly used profiles include round steel, square steel, flat steel, H-shaped steel, angle steel, I-beam, T-shaped steel, channel steel, and railway rails. 2. Sheet metal: Based on thickness, it can be divided into thick sheets, medium sheets, and thin sheets. Among them, cold-rolled sheets are only thin sheets. Materials for the drum of medium and low-pressure boilers: specialized boiler carbon steel. Material for the steam drum of high-pressure boilers: manufactured from low-alloy steel. 3. Pipe materials: For example, the seamless steel pipes used in boiler water walls and economizers are generally high-quality carbon steel pipes or low-alloy steel pipes; whereas the seamless steel pipes used in superheaters and reheaters, depending on the wall temperature, are usually made of grades such as 15CrMo or 12CrMoV. 4. Steel products: In mechanical and electrical engineering, the commonly used steel products mainly include welding electrodes, pipe fittings, valves, etc. II. Non-ferrous Metals (I) Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys ； (II) Copper and copper alloys ； (III) Titanium and titanium alloys (airplane fuselages, eyeglass frames, etc.) ； (IV) Magnesium and magnesium alloys: (V) Nickel and nickel alloys:

Metal materials are divided into two main categories: ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals. In a broader sense, ferrous metals also include manganese, chromium, and their alloys. I. Black metal materials (1) Pig iron (an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction > 2%): steel-making pig iron, casting pig iron. (II) Cast iron (an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction >2%, usually 2.5%~3.5%): ① Gray cast iron, white cast iron; ② Ordinary cast iron, nodular cast iron. (III) Steel (iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction ≤ 2%). Carbon structural steel, alloy structural steel, low-alloy high-strength steel with special properties. Classified by steel application: ① structural steel; ② tool steel; ③ special-purpose steel; ④ dedicated steel; ⑤ cast steel; ⑥ forged steel; ⑦ hot-rolled steel; ⑧ cold-rolled steel. (IV) Steel 1. Profiles: In mechanical and electrical engineering, the commonly used profiles include round steel, square steel, flat steel, H-shaped steel, angle steel, I-beam, T-shaped steel, channel steel, and railway rails. 2. Sheet metal: Based on thickness, it can be divided into thick sheets, medium sheets, and thin sheets. Among them, cold-rolled sheets are only thin sheets. Materials for the drum of medium and low-pressure boilers: specialized boiler carbon steel. Material for the steam drum of high-pressure boilers: manufactured from low-alloy steel. 3. Pipe materials: For example, the seamless steel pipes used in boiler water walls and economizers are generally high-quality carbon steel pipes or low-alloy steel pipes; whereas the seamless steel pipes used in superheaters and reheaters, depending on the wall temperature, are usually made of grades such as 15CrMo or 12CrMoV. 4. Steel products: In mechanical and electrical engineering, the commonly used steel products mainly include welding electrodes, pipe fittings, valves, etc. II. Non-ferrous Metals (I) Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys ； (II) Copper and copper alloys ； (III) Titanium and titanium alloys (airplane fuselages, eyeglass frames, etc.) ； (IV) Magnesium and magnesium alloys: (V) Nickel and nickel alloys:

Metal materials are divided into two main categories: ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals. In a broader sense, ferrous metals also include manganese, chromium, and their alloys. I. Black metal materials (1) Pig iron (an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction > 2%): steel-making pig iron, casting pig iron. (II) Cast iron (an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction >2%, usually 2.5%~3.5%): ① Gray cast iron, white cast iron; ② Ordinary cast iron, nodular cast iron. (III) Steel (iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction ≤ 2%). Carbon structural steel, alloy structural steel, low-alloy high-strength steel with special properties. Classified by steel application: ① structural steel; ② tool steel; ③ special-purpose steel; ④ dedicated steel; ⑤ cast steel; ⑥ forged steel; ⑦ hot-rolled steel; ⑧ cold-rolled steel. (IV) Steel 1. Profiles: In mechanical and electrical engineering, the commonly used profiles include round steel, square steel, flat steel, H-shaped steel, angle steel, I-beam, T-shaped steel, channel steel, and railway rails. 2. Sheet metal: Based on thickness, it can be divided into thick sheets, medium sheets, and thin sheets. Among them, cold-rolled sheets are only thin sheets. Materials for the drum of medium and low-pressure boilers: specialized boiler carbon steel. Material for the steam drum of high-pressure boilers: manufactured from low-alloy steel. 3. Pipe materials: For example, the seamless steel pipes used in boiler water walls and economizers are generally high-quality carbon steel pipes or low-alloy steel pipes; whereas the seamless steel pipes used in superheaters and reheaters, depending on the wall temperature, are usually made of grades such as 15CrMo or 12CrMoV. 4. Steel products: In mechanical and electrical engineering, the commonly used steel products mainly include welding electrodes, pipe fittings, valves, etc. II. Non-ferrous Metals (I) Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys ； (II) Copper and copper alloys ； (III) Titanium and titanium alloys (airplane fuselages, eyeglass frames, etc.) ； (IV) Magnesium and magnesium alloys: (V) Nickel and nickel alloys