How to analyze trace formaldehyde in ammonia-containing liquids
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How should one determine the formaldehyde content in ammonia solutions containing 5 ppm to 5% ammonia?
Ammonia reacts with formaldehyde first; if the ammonia concentration is high, this reaction is very complete, making it almost impossible to detect formaldehyde quantitatively. Formaldehyde reacts with ammonia to produce hexamethylenetetramine, which is very stable under alkaline conditions (just basic ammonia is sufficient); it decomposes back into ammonia and formaldehyde when acidified. For the analysis of trace amounts of formaldehyde, it is recommended to derivatize the formaldehyde before performing chromatographic analysis.
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