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Urban drainage can be classified by source and nature into domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater, and precipitation (rainwater and snowmelt), whereas urban sewage refers to the collective term for domestic wastewater and industrial wastewater that is discharged into urban drainage systems. 1. Domestic wastewater: Domestic wastewater refers to the water used in people’s daily lives, mainly including water discharged from residences, public places, government offices, schools, hospitals, shops, as well as various facilities in other public buildings and factories, such as toilets, bathrooms, washrooms, kitchens, canteens, and laundry rooms. Domestic wastewater contains various pollutants such as organic matter and pathogenic microorganisms; it must be treated before it can be discharged into water bodies, used for irrigating farmland, or reused. 2. Industrial wastewater refers to the wastewater generated during industrial production processes. The quality of industrial wastewater varies significantly depending on the type of production carried out by the factory, the manufacturing processes, the raw materials used, the components of the water used, and the level of management in production. Depending on the degree of pollution, industrial wastewater is further divided into process wastewater and process sewage. Production wastewater refers to water that becomes slightly polluted or only experiences an increase in temperature during use, such as cooling water; it can usually be reused in production after simple treatment, or discharged directly into water bodies. Wastewater from production refers to water that becomes severely polluted during use; it is hazardous and must be treated before it can be reused or discharged. Different industrial wastewater contains varying pollutants. Wastewater from the metallurgy and building materials industries contains large amounts of inorganic substances, while wastewater from the food, oil refining, and petrochemical industries contains more organic substances. Furthermore, many industrial wastewater contain substances that are industrial raw materials and have value for recycling. 3. Precipitation refers to atmospheric precipitation, which includes liquid and solid forms of precipitation; it usually denotes rainfall. Rainfall that falls to the ground is generally clean, but the runoff from the initial rainfall carries various pollutants from the atmosphere, the ground, and rooftops, resulting in a relatively high level of contamination that needs to be controlled. Due to concentrated rainfall periods resulting in high runoff, especially during heavy storms, failure to drain it promptly can lead to disasters. Additionally, water used for flushing streets and firefighting is also included in the rainwater category, as its properties are similar to those of rainwater. Generally, rainwater does not require treatment and can be discharged directly into water bodies nearby. Urban wastewater generally refers to a mixture of domestic sewage and industrial waste discharged into the urban drainage system. In a combined sewer system, it may also include stormwater diverted into the urban combined sewer system. Urban wastewater is actually a type of mixed wastewater whose properties vary greatly, depending on the mixing ratio of various types of wastewater and the characteristics of the pollutants in industrial wastewater. Urban wastewater must be treated before it can be discharged into natural water bodies, used for irrigating farmland, or reused. In cities and industrial enterprises, the aforementioned wastewater and rainwater should be drained in an organized and timely manner; otherwise, they may pollute and damage the environment, even giving rise to environmental hazards that affect people’s lives and production, and even pose a threat to human health. With 20 years of experience in leak detection, Jinma Company utilizes non-destructive testing methods and is skilled at accurately locating leaks in pipelines that are subject to high noise levels, strong interference, and other challenging conditions. It is capable of addressing technical challenges such as complex pipeline environments, deep burial of pipelines, small leak volumes, and the difficulty of locating leaks in non-metallic pipelines. For the first time, it has become possible to detect leaks regardless of three factors: pipeline material is no longer a consideration ； Regardless of the diameter ； Regardless of the medium flowing in the pipeline, the horizontal positioning accuracy of the leak location is ≤±1m, the vertical positioning accuracy is ≤±0.5m, and the excavation accuracy is ≥90%.