On local stress at pipe orifices
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Are the methods of WRC107, WRC297, and EN13445 applicable to pipe ends with protrusions? If applicable, is it acceptable to use U-bolts for securing the inward-extending adapter, or can it be directly welded to the gusset plate?
I have used WRC107 and WRC297; both methods involve calculating internal alignment. Extending the take over helps reduce local stresses, and calculation based on internal alignment is somewhat conservative
Well, these are all calculated based on the in-line alignment model, so it’s a bit difficult to determine whether there will be any inward protrusion
For an inward extension, aiming for a flush finish is a more conservative approach; generally, it’s fine even if it goes slightly beyond flush
Are there any restrictions on the way the tails are fixed?
Local stress at the junction of the nozzle and the cylinder; whether the end is rounded has little impact on WRC
%5Bimg%5D C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\Radial Force Bending Moment.png How are the forces here, namely radial force, horizontal force, and bending moment, calculated?
%5Bimg%5D\C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\Radial Force Bending Moment.png