Hydraulic testing status of equipment flanges/flange covers

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Non-standard equipment flanges/flange covers are approved based on the design pressure. When subjected to water pressure, is it necessary to use this water pressure as the calculation pressure to assess the strength of the flanges and studs, or is it sufficient to only evaluate the stress under water pressure conditions? If water pressure is used as the calculation pressure, the strength of the studs cannot be determined through calculations. In such a case, if leakage occurs during pressure testing, it’s not possible to enhance the seal by tightening the studs, right? After working in this field for a few years, I haven’t considered these issues with low and medium voltage equipment; however, it seems that these problems do need to be taken into account when dealing with high voltage equipment, although no issues have arisen during pressure testing so far