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Gas-liquid and pneumatic test vessels: The mandatory requirements for gas-liquid and pneumatic tests on vessels are as follows: 01 For pressure vessels where it is impossible to fill them with liquid due to structural or support-related reasons, or where the operating conditions do not permit any residual test liquid to remain, a pneumatic test may be conducted； The gas used in the experiment should be dry and clean air, nitrogen, or another inert gas. 02 For pressure vessels that cannot be filled with liquid due to load-bearing reasons, etc., a partial amount of liquid can be poured in first based on their load-bearing capacity, followed by the addition of gas, in order to conduct a gas-liquid combined pressure test. 03 The weld joints between the flange and the shell, as well as those of the jacketed pressure vessel, shall adopt a fully penetrated structure. 04 Welded joints of shell types A and B shall undergo 100% non-destructive testing (RT/UT/TOFD). 05 For the welded joints of pressure vessels, magnetic particle or penetrant testing must be carried out on their surfaces. 06 Basis for calculating the test pressure: when the container has a specified MAWP, this value should be used in place of the design pressure for calculations. 07 The test temperature (temperature of the metal wall) should be 30°C higher than the ductile-to-indestructible transition temperature of the metal material forming the wall. 08 When calculating the test pressure, t should not be lower than the minimum allowable stress of the material as determined by Rm and ReLt (the value on the left side of the black line). 09 Its Class A and Class B weld joints shall undergo 100% non-destructive testing (RT/UT/TOFD). 10 The test temperature should be 30°C higher than the plasticity transition temperature of the container material: For Q345R, Q370R, and 07MnMoVR, the test temperature should be ≥5℃ ； Other carbon steels and low-alloy steels: test temperature ≥ 15℃ ； Low-temperature container: Test temperature ≥ Impact test temperature + 20℃ ；