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I. Signs of performance issues with equipment 1. Abnormal functioning refers to sudden irregularities in the equipment’s operation, which is the most common symptom of a fault. For example: (1) The equipment has difficulty starting up, starts slowly, or fails to start at all. (2) The equipment suddenly shuts down automatically. (3) The equipment experiences insufficient power, reduced speed, and lower production efficiency during operation. (4) Sudden failure or malfunction of emergency braking during the operation of equipment, etc. The signs of this fault are quite obvious, so it is easy to detect. 2. Excessive heat (1) One cause is a problem with the cooling system, such as a lack of coolant or a non-functional cooling pump. (2) If parts such as gears and bearings overheat, it is mostly due to a lack of lubricant. (3) Oil or water temperature is too high or too low. Occurrences of equipment overheating can sometimes be directly indicated by dashboards and warning lights; however, at other times, temperature checks are required to detect them. 3. Excessive oil and gas consumption: High consumption of lubricating oil and cooling water indicates that the technical condition of certain parts of the equipment has deteriorated, and there is a possibility of failures occurring. 4. Abnormal pressure of the compressed gas, etc. 5. Abnormalities in the lubricating oil; the lubricating oil deteriorates more quickly than normal, which may be related to high temperatures and other factors. There are relatively many metal particles in the lubricating oil; this is generally related to the amount of friction involving bearings, etc. It may be necessary to replace worn components such as bearings. 6. Electrical effects: Changes in resistance, conductivity, insulation strength, and potential, etc. II. Visual signs of equipment failure 1. Abnormal noises and vibrations (1) Abnormal sounds that occur during the operation of the equipment serve as an “alarm” for equipment failures. (2) The equipment experiences severe vibration during operation. 2. Leaks (1) Leakage of lubricating oil, gear oil, power steering fluid, brake fluid, etc., from the equipment. (2) Leaks may occur in compressed air, etc.; sometimes the sound of air leaking can be clearly heard. (3) Leakage of circulating cooling water, etc. 3. There is a special odor. (1) When the motor overheats or the lubricating oil leaks into the cylinder and burns, a distinct odor is emitted. (2) A burnt smell occurs when there is a circuit short circuit or when insulating materials such as grounding wires burn out. (3) Materials such as rubber emit a burning smell. The various fault precursors mentioned above serve as fault information provided to operators and maintenance personnel, helping them to detect signs of potential accidents early on in order to prevent issues before they occur