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Area conversion: 1 square kilometer (k㎡) = 100 hectares (ha) = 247.1 acres (acre) = 0.386 square miles (mile2) 1 square meter (㎡) = 10.764 square feet (ft2) 1 square inch (in2) = 6.452 square centimeters ( c㎡) 1 hectare (ha) = 10,000 square meters (㎡) = 2.471 acres (acre) 1 acre (acre) = 0.4047 hectares (ha) = 4.047×10-3 square kilometers (k㎡) = 4047 square meters (m2) 1 acre (acre) =0.4047 hectares (ha) = 4.047 × 10-3 square kilometers (k㎡) = 4047 square meters (㎡) 1 square foot (ft2) = 0.093 square meters (㎡) 1 square meter (㎡) = 10.764 square feet (ft2) 1 square yard (yd2) = 0.8361 square meters (㎡) 1 square mile (mile2) = 2.590 square kilometers (k㎡) 1 mu is approximately equal to 667 square meters 1 square kilometer (km2) = 100 hectares (ha) is approximately equal to 1500 acres Volume conversion 1 US Gil (gi) = 0.118 liters (1) 1 US pint (pt) = 0.473 liters (1) 1 US quart (qt) = 0.946 liters (1) 1 US gallon (gal) = 3.785 liters (1) 1 barrel (bbl) = 0.159 cubic meters (m3) = 42 US gallons (gal) 1 acre·foot = 1234 cubic meters (m3) 1 cubic inch (in3) = 16.3871 cubic centimeters (cm3) 1 British gallon (gal) = 4.546 liters (1) 1 billion cubic feet (bcf) = 28.317 million cubic meters (m3) 1 trillion cubic feet (tcf) = 28.317 billion cubic meters (m3) 1 million cubic feet (MMcf) = 28,317 cubic meters (m3) 1 thousand cubic feet (mcf) = 28.317 cubic meters (m3) 1 cubic meter (ft3) = 0.0283 cubic meters (m3) = 28.317 liters (liter) 1 cubic meter (m3) = 1000 liters (liter) = 35.315 cubic feet (ft3) = 6.29 barrels (bbl) Mass, density conversion Mass conversion 1 long ton (long) ton) = 1.016 tons (t) 1 kilogram (kg) = 2.205 pounds (lb) 1 pound (lb) = 0.454 kilograms (kg) 1 ounce (oz) = 28.350 grams (g) 1 short ton (sh.ton) = 0.907 tons (t) = 2000 pounds (lb) 1 ton (t) = 1000 kilograms (kg) = 2205 pounds (lb) = 1.102 short tons (sh.ton) = 0.984 long tons (long ton) Density conversion 1 pound/foot3 (lb/ft3) = 16.02 kilograms/meter3 (kg/m3) API degree = Specific gravity at 141.5/15.5℃ - 131.5 1 pound/imperial gallon (lb/gal) = 99.776 kilogram/meter 3 (kg/m3) 1 Baume density (B) = specific gravity at 140/15.5°C - 130 1 pound/inch 3 (lb/in3) = 27679.9 kilograms/meter 3 (kg/m3) 1 pound/US gallon (lb/gal) = 119.826 kilogram/meter 3 (kg/m3) 1 pound/(oil) barrel (lb/bbl) = 2.853 kilogram/meter3 (kg/m3) 1 kilogram/meter3 (kg/m3) = 0.001 gram/cm3 (g/cm3) = 0.0624 pound/foot3 (lb/ft3) Viscosity conversion Kinematic viscosity conversion 1 St (St) = 10-4 m2/s (㎡/s) = 1 cm2/s (c㎡/s) 1 ft2/s (ft2/s) = 9.29030 × 10-2 m2/s (m2/s) 1 centistoke (cSt) = 10-6 m2/second (㎡/s) = 1 mm2/second (m㎡/s) Dynamic viscosity conversion dynamic viscosity 1 poise (P) = 0.1 Pa·second (Pa·s) 1 centipoise (cP) = 10-3 Pa·second (Pa·s) 1 pound force second/foot2 (lbf·s/ft2) = 47.8803 Pa·second (Pa·s) 1 kilogram force second/m2 (kgf·s, m2) = 9.80665 Pa·second (Pa·s) Force and temperature conversion Force conversion 1 Newton (N) = 0.225 pound force (lbf) = 0.102 kilogram force (kgf) 1 kilogram force (kgf) = 9.81 Newton (N) 1 pound force (lbf) = 4.45 Newton (N) 1 dyn (dyn) = 10-5 Newton (N) Temperature conversion K = 5/9 (°F + 459.67) K = ℃ + 273.15 n°C = (5/9·n + 32) °F n°F =°C 1°F = 5/9°C (temperature difference) Pressure conversion pressure 1 bar (bar) = 105 Pa (Pa) 1 dyn/cm2 (dyn/cm2) = 0.1 Pa (Pa) 1 Torr (Torr) = 133.322 Pascal (Pa) 1 millimeter of mercury (mmHg) = 133.322 Pascal (Pa) 1 millimeter of water column (mmH2O) = 9.80665 Pascal (Pa) 1 engineering atmospheric pressure = 98.0665 kilopascal (kPa) 1 kilopascal (kPa) = 0.145 pounds force/inch2 (psi) =0.0102 kilogram force/cm2 (kgf/cm2) =0.0098 atmospheric pressure (atm) 1 pound force/inch2 (psi) = 6.895 kilopascal (kPa) = 0.0703 kilogram force/cm2 (kg/c㎡) = 0.0689 bar (bar) = 0.068 atmospheric pressure (atm) 1 physical atmospheric pressure (atm) = 101.325 kilopascal (kPa) = 14.696 pounds/inch2 (psi) = 1.0333 bar (bar) Heat transfer coefficient, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity conversion Heat transfer coefficient conversion 1 kcal/m2·h (kcal/㎡·h) = 1.16279 watts/m2 (w/㎡) 1 kcal/(m2·h·℃)〔1kcal/(㎡·h·℃)〕=1.16279 watt/(m2·Kelvin)〔w/(㎡·K)〕 1 British thermal unit/(ft2·h·°F) [Btu/(ft2·h·°F)] = 5.67826 Watt/(m2·Kelvin) [(w/㎡·K)] 1 m2·h·℃/kcal (㎡·h·℃/kcal) = 0.86000 m2·Kelvin/watt (㎡·K/W) Thermal conductivity conversion 1 kcal (m·h·℃) [kcal/(m·h·℃)] = 1.16279 Watt/(m·Kelvin) [W/(m·K)] 1 BTU/(ft·h·°F) [But/(ft·h·°F) =1.7303 Watt/(meter·Kelvin) [W/(m·K)] Specific volume heat conversion 1 kcal/(kg·℃) [kcal/(kg·℃)] = 1 British thermal unit/(lb·°F) [Btu/(lb·°F)] = 4186.8 Joules/(kilogram·Kelvin) [J/(kg·K)] Thermal power conversion 1 calorie (cal) = 4.1868 joules (J) 1 kcal = 4186.75 joules (J) 1 kilogram force meter (kgf·m) = 9.80665 joules (J) 1 British thermal unit (Btu) = 1055.06 joules (J) 1 kilowatt hour (kW·h) = 3.6×106 joules (J) 1 foot pound force (ft · lbf) = 1.35582 Joules (J) 1 meter horsepower hour (hp · h) = 2.64779 × 106 Joules (J) 1 British horsepower hour (UKHp·h) = 2.68452 × 106 Joule 1 Joule = 0.10204 kg·m = 2.778 × 10-7 kilowatt·h = 3.777 × 10-7 Metric horsepower hour = 3.72 3×10-7 British horsepower hour = 2.389×10-4 kcal = 9.48×10-4 British thermal unit power, speed, penetration rate conversion Power conversion 1 British thermal unit/hour (Btu/h) = 0.293071 watt (W) 1 kilogram force·m/s (kgf·m/s) = 9.80665 watts (w) 1 cal/s (cal/s) = 4.1868 watts (W) 1 meter horsepower (hp) = 735.499 watts (W) Speed conversion 1 mile/hour (mile/h) = 0.44704 meters/second (m/s) 1 foot/second (ft/s) = 0.3048 meters/second (m/s) Permeability conversion 1 Darcy = 1000 millidarcies 1 square centimeter (c㎡) = 9.81×107 Darcy Geothermal gradient, oil and gas production, gas-oil ratio conversion Geothermal gradient conversion 1°F/100 feet = 1.8℃/100 meters (℃/m) 1℃/km = 2.9°F/mile (°F/mile) = 0.055°F/100 feet (°F/ft) Oil and gas production conversion 1 barrel (bbl) = 0.14 tons (t) (crude oil, global average) 1 trillion cubic feet/day (tcfd) = 28.32 billion cubic meters/day (m3/d) = 10.336 trillion cubic meters/year (m3/a) 1 billion cubic feet per day (bcfd) = 028.32 million cubic meters per day (m3/d) = 10.336 billion cubic meters per year (m3/a) 1 million cubic feet per day (MMcfd) = 28.32 million cubic meters per day (m3/d) = 10.3355 million cubic meters per year (m3/a) 1 thousand cubic feet per day (Mcfd) = 28.32 cubic meters per day (m3/d) = 10,336 cubic meters per year (m3/a) 1 barrel per day (bpd) = 50 tons per year (t/a) (crude oil, global average) 1 ton (t) = 7.3 barrels (bbl) (crude oil, global average) Gas-to-oil ratio conversion 1 cubic foot/barrel (cuft/bbl) = 0.2067 cubic meters/ton (m3/t) Calorific value and heat equivalent conversion Calorific value conversion 1 barrel of crude oil = 5.8 × 106 British thermal units (Btu) 1 ton of coal = 2.406 × 107 British thermal units (Btu) 1 cubic meter of moisture = 3.909 × 104 British thermal units (Btu) 1 kilowatt hour of hydropower = 1.0235 × 104 British thermal units (Btu) 1 cubic meter of dry gas = 3.577 × 104 British thermal units (Btu) (the above is the average heating value of the United States in 1990) Thermal equivalent conversion 1 barrel of crude oil = 5800 cubic feet of natural gas (calculated based on the average heating value) 1 cubic meter of natural gas = 1.3300 kg of standard coal 1 kg of crude oil = 1.4286 kg of standard coal