Operation and management of power equipment

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(1) Requirements for the safe operation of power equipment: (1) The design and construction of power station buildings, as well as the selection and installation of power equipment, must comply with specified requirements; these are the fundamental conditions for ensuring the safe operation of power equipment. ①The layout, design, construction of the power plant and its auxiliary and utility facilities, as well as the process layout of power equipment must comply with the requirements of relevant codes. ②The production capacity of power equipment as well as its kinetic energy capacity (production capacity) must be sufficient to meet the enterprise’s production needs; moreover, the power pipelines must be properly arranged and operate reliably. ③The installation and commissioning of power equipment and pipeline systems must comply with relevant regulatory requirements and undergo strict inspection and acceptance. (2) It has a sound management organization for power equipment, equipped with an appropriate number of highly qualified managers, technical personnel, operators, and equipment maintenance staff. (3) There are strict safety inspections, checks on the technical condition of equipment, and systems for equipment maintenance and repair, in order to prevent and control the occurrence of accidents. ①Establish a system for routine and periodic inspections of power equipment and pipelines, and gradually adopt condition monitoring techniques to promptly identify signs of potential accidents and equipment defects, allowing for repairs or corrective actions to be taken in order to prevent and control the occurrence of accidents. ②Establish and improve the daily maintenance system and planned preventive maintenance system for power equipment; earnestly implement the preventive maintenance plans to ensure that the equipment remains in good condition. ③In accordance with relevant specifications and regulations—such as the “Provisional Regulations on Technical Management in the Electric Power Industry,” “Specifications for Construction and Acceptance of Power Transformers, Oil-Immersed Reactors, and Instrument Transformers in Electrical Installation Projects,” “Safety Work Regulations for the Electric Power Industry,” “Technical Management Regulations for Electrical Installations in Industrial Enterprises,” “Safety Supervision Regulations for Boilers and Pressure Vessels,” “Rules for Registration and Management of Pressure Vessel Use,” “Safety Supervision Regulations for Steam Boilers,” “Safety Technical Supervision Regulations for Hot Water Boilers,” “Design Specifications for Industrial Boiler Rooms,” “Design Specifications for Oxygen Stations,” “Design Specifications for Compressed Air Stations,” and “Safety Supervision Regulations for Gas Cylinders”—various technical standards pertaining to safety inspections, quality inspections, and environmental monitoring are established. These standards serve as the basis for conducting safety and quality inspections on power equipment and power pipelines. ④Establish a complete system for the collection, organization, storage, and borrowing of technical documents. The technical documents include: the technical design and construction drawings, as well as the layout plans for each power station building ； Operating instructions for power equipment and repair parts catalog ； Power pipeline diagrams for the entire plant, its branches, areas, and workshops, as well as completion drawings of the power systems, process flow diagrams for energy production, and wiring diagrams for relay protection – all of these are used for conducting safety inspections and performing maintenance on power equipment and pipelines. ⑤Equipped with sufficient, advanced, and suitable testing equipment and instruments for safety inspections, quality checks, condition monitoring, environmental surveillance, etc. (4) There are strict safety operating procedures and a comprehensive system of job responsibilities. ①Various safety procedures are established to ensure the safe operation of power equipment. The operating procedures to be followed, as well as the technical and organizational measures to be taken when operating, maintaining power equipment, and conducting safety tests ； Emergency procedures in case of an accident ； Special safety measures to be taken when certain power equipment is in operation, etc. ②Establish operating procedures, including methods and procedures for the proper operation of power equipment ； Allowed range of operating parameters ； Procedures and precautions for starting (ignition) and stopping (turning off) the vehicle ； Items and requirements to be carefully checked during operation ； Possible abnormal phenomena, methods for identifying them, and countermeasures, etc. ③Items, deadlines, and technical standards for preventive tests. ④Various operational management systems, such as post responsibility systems, shift handover systems, routine inspection systems, and safety and fire prevention systems, should be in place, along with proper keeping of all relevant records. (II) Operation scheduling system for power equipment: The management of power equipment operation is quite rigorous and complex. Externally, enterprises are subject to technical supervision and scheduling by the departments in charge of their operations; internally, in order to ensure coordination among various power equipment and maintain normal operational order, it is also necessary to establish an appropriate operation scheduling system. It interfaces with the dispatching units of main operational departments responsible for external power, heating, water supply, gas supply, etc., and oversees all enterprise power stations, various power transmission networks, right down to key energy-consuming equipment. The specific scheduling method can be determined based on the actual circumstances of the enterprise. For example: Operations involving the implementation of various safety measures should be carried out using dispatch work orders ； It falls under dispatching of stopped power supply; oral or telephone dispatching is permitted ； In emergency situations, oral and on-site dispatching are permitted; actions may be taken first with documentation to follow later ； In particularly urgent situations, on-site operators can take action first and then report to the control room, etc. At the dispatch room and the site where operation managers are located, simulation boards should be installed to clearly indicate the system’s operating status, ensuring that it is easy to understand at a glance and preventing errors in dispatch management. (III) Daily management of power equipment: The daily management and maintenance of power equipment should ensure that: (1) operating procedures, standard operating protocols, safety regulations, and job responsibility systems are established. (2) The parameters related to the equipment’s operating status comply with the requirements for factory delivery and production, ensure safe and reliable operation, promote energy conservation, and support environmental protection. (3) The safety devices, protective components, monitoring instruments, and automation components are complete and in good condition, ensuring stable and reliable operation. All valves close smoothly and tightly, all pipes and accessories are clearly labeled, and the environment is clean and tidy. (4) The equipment is operating normally, with no abnormal vibrations, noises, temperature increases, or poor lubrication; it functions reliably, and there are no leaks or other defects. (IV) Economic and technical indicators for power operation and evaluation systems: One of the tasks carried out by the various management units responsible for the operation of power equipment is to establish various economic and technical indicators for power operation, as well as evaluation systems, for each power station, energy-consuming unit, and energy-consuming device. The economic and technical indicators for operational efficiency are primarily used in devices that convert kinetic energy, to keep them in or near their optimal operating conditions, reduce losses, and achieve the best results with minimal energy consumption. Economic and technical indicators should be determined through testing, comparison, and analysis, taking into account factors such as the quality of fuel and raw materials, the technical condition of equipment, the technical proficiency of personnel, the measuring instruments used, as well as advanced indicators from other industries. During implementation, assessment and analysis should be carried out, experience should be continuously summarized, and regular testing, modifications, and improvements should be made in order to gradually reduce fuel and raw material consumption as well as production costs. (5) Management of failures and accidents: When power equipment stops operating due to a failure while in use, it is necessary to analyze the situation promptly, identify the cause, determine whether it is due to human error, a failure, an equipment malfunction, or an operational accident, and then organize the relevant personnel to handle the matter carefully in accordance with the regulations. When dealing with accidents, it is necessary to conduct on-site investigations and analyses to determine the causes and responsibilities, adhering to the principle of \"not letting go of any aspect until resolved.\" Serious and extremely serious accidents shall be handled in accordance with the regulations set by the superior competent authorities.