Planning and considerations for pipeline layout

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External pipeline planning (1) When arranging pipeline corridors, they should run parallel to roads or the building boundaries; for the same pipeline, it should be avoided to go from one side of the road to the other； (2) The wiring area should be kept away from areas with soft soil, seismic fault zones, subsidence areas, and high groundwater levels ； (3) When arranging pipelines to intersect roads or highways, a vertical intersection should be used; if a vertical intersection is not feasible, an inclined intersection may be employed, provided that the minimum intersection angle is not less than 30° ； (4) When arranging pipelines comprehensively, the main pipes should be placed on the side with more users, or the pipelines should be arranged in categories on both sides of the road, in order to reduce intersections of pipelines at road intersections. Key points for phased installation: (1) When carrying out construction in phases, it is important to avoid treating short-term and long-term considerations separately; rather, they should be integrated appropriately. Focus should be placed on short-term tasks, ensuring that pipeline construction in the near term does not affect future land use plans ； (2) When laying pipelines, make full use of existing pipelines; if they cannot be utilized, a comprehensive technical and economic analysis must be conducted to decide whether to dispose of them or replace them with new ones ； (3) The planned positions of the utility pipelines beneath the road should be fixed as much as possible, and those factors that affect the building foundations such as deep burial depth, short maintenance intervals, and flammability should be placed as far away from the buildings as possible ； (4) Ensure that the minimum horizontal clearance, minimum vertical clearance, and minimum cover depth of underground pipelines meet the standard requirements. The arrangement order on both sides of the road should be electricity, telecommunications, gas supply, water supply, heating, gas transmission, water delivery, rainwater, and sewage, with each of these elements placed on separate sides of the road.  Precautions for pipeline network planning (1) When planning the pipeline network, it is necessary to analyze the rationality of the distribution of main pipelines, identify key planning nodes, and determine the exact locations of these main pipelines ； (2) Draw the overall pipeline integration plan layout and the standard cross-section diagram of the pipeline-integrated roads, indicating the distances from power and telecommunications overhead lines to the building boundaries ； (3) Determine the planar layout positions and depths of various pipelines ； (4) Check whether there are any collisions at the intersection points and turning points in the pipeline integration layout diagram, whether the clearance height is appropriate, and whether the starting and ending elevations and coordinates are accurate. Key points for centralized pipeline installation: In situations where there are numerous pipeline facilities or the surrounding environment is complex, pipelines should be installed in a centralized manner. The following points should be noted: (1) Place pipes carrying corrosive substances at the bottom of the trench; if there are no such pipes, then place the drainage pipes at the bottom of the trench ； (2) Pipelines for liquids with fire hazards, flammable gases, toxic gases, and other such substances shall not be laid in the same trench ； (3) Pipelines that may affect each other cannot coexist within the same trench. Comprehensive measures for resolving pipeline conflicts: When conflicts arise among pipelines, avoidance should be carried out in the following order. The avoidance principles for different types of pipes are as follows: (1) Pressure pipes should give way to gravity-fed pipes ； (2) Easy-to-bend pipes make it easier for those that are not easy to bend. The principle for avoiding conflicts among pipes of the same type is: (1) Branch pipes should give way to main pipes ； (2) The small tube gives way to the large tube. External pipeline planning (1) When arranging pipeline corridors, they should run parallel to roads or the building boundaries; for the same pipeline, it should be avoided to go from one side of the road to the other ； (2) The wiring area should be kept away from areas with soft soil, seismic fault zones, subsidence areas, and high groundwater levels ； (3) When arranging pipelines to intersect roads or highways, a vertical intersection should be used; if a vertical intersection is not feasible, an inclined intersection may be employed, provided that the minimum intersection angle is not less than 30° ； (4) When arranging pipelines comprehensively, the main pipes should be placed on the side with more users, or the pipelines should be arranged in categories on both sides of the road, in order to reduce intersections of pipelines at road intersections. Key points for phased installation: (1) When carrying out construction in phases, it is important to avoid treating short-term and long-term considerations separately; rather, they should be integrated appropriately. Focus should be placed on short-term tasks, ensuring that pipeline construction in the near term does not affect future land use plans ； (2) When laying pipelines, make full use of existing pipelines; if they cannot be utilized, a comprehensive technical and economic analysis must be conducted to decide whether to dispose of them or replace them with new ones ； (3) The planned positions of the utility pipelines beneath the road should be fixed as much as possible, and those factors that affect the building foundations such as deep burial depth, short maintenance intervals, and flammability should be placed as far away from the buildings as possible ； (4) Ensure that the minimum horizontal clearance, minimum vertical clearance, and minimum cover depth of underground pipelines meet the standard requirements. The arrangement order on both sides of the road should be electricity, telecommunications, gas supply, water supply, heating, gas transmission, water delivery, rainwater, and sewage, with each of these elements placed on separate sides of the road.  Precautions for pipeline network planning (1) When planning the pipeline network, it is necessary to analyze the rationality of the distribution of main pipelines, identify key planning nodes, and determine the exact locations of these main pipelines ； (2) Draw the overall pipeline integration plan layout and the standard cross-section diagram of the pipeline-integrated roads, indicating the distances from power and telecommunications overhead lines to the building boundaries ； (3) Determine the planar layout positions and depths of various pipelines ； (4) Check whether there are any collisions at the intersection points and turning points in the pipeline integration layout diagram, whether the clearance height is appropriate, and whether the starting and ending elevations and coordinates are accurate. Key points for centralized pipeline installation: In situations where there are numerous pipeline facilities or the surrounding environment is complex, pipelines should be installed in a centralized manner. The following points should be noted: (1) Place pipes carrying corrosive substances at the bottom of the trench; if there are no such pipes, then place the drainage pipes at the bottom of the trench ； (2) Pipelines for liquids with fire hazards, flammable gases, toxic gases, and other such substances shall not be laid in the same trench ； (3) Pipelines that may affect each other cannot coexist within the same trench. Comprehensive measures for resolving pipeline conflicts: When conflicts arise among pipelines, avoidance should be carried out in the following order. The avoidance principles for different types of pipes are as follows: (1) Pressure pipes should give way to gravity-fed pipes ； (2) Easy-to-bend pipes make it easier for those that are not easy to bend. The principle for avoiding conflicts among pipes of the same type is: (1) Branch pipes should give way to main pipes ； (2) The small tube gives way to the large tube.