Basic knowledge of circulating water

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1. Requirements for water quality in industrial cooling water: 1) The temperature should be as low as possible; 2) The water should not be prone to scaling; 3) There should be few corrosive substances in the water; 4) The water should not be conducive to the growth of bacteria and algae. 2. What are the types and characteristics of cooling water systems? a. DC cooling water system: Advantages: Simple equipment, no need to cool the building, low investment. Disadvantages: High water consumption (50 times more) ； High discharge volume, discharged directly into rivers, causing severe pollution ； Large water intake, high costs, significant amounts of treatment chemicals required, and substantial pollution – these are the reasons why systems of type B have been phased out. Circulating cooling water systems: 1) Closed-loop circulating cooling water system: Definition: A circulating cooling water system in which the water does not come into direct contact with the atmosphere; the cooling water is used to cool the process fluid through a heat exchanger, and once its temperature rises, it is cooled by air before being reused. Advantages: No need for concentration, no splashing, low water consumption, and less water replenishment required. Disadvantages: Scaling problems and corrosion issues (oxygen corrosion, galvanic corrosion). 2) Open-loop circulating cooling water system: Definition: A circulating cooling water system in which the water is in direct contact with the atmosphere. Advantages: 3. What are the water losses that occur during the circulation of cooling water? (1) Evaporation amount (evaporation loss): The amount of water that evaporates from the cooling water and enters the atmosphere during the cooling process. (2) Wind-driven loss amount (wind loss): The amount of water droplets that are carried away by air currents. (3) Wastewater discharge amount (discharge loss): The amount of water that must be deliberately discharged in order to control the concentration that occurs as a result of evaporation losses during the cooling water circulation process. (4) Leakage loss: The amount of water lost due to leaks in pipes and storage systems. 4. Concentration ratio of cooling circulating water: The ratio of the salt concentration in the circulating cooling water to the salt concentration of the make-up water. 5. Purpose of the treatment of water flowing alongside the circulating cooling water: to remove suspended solids and control the quality parameters of the circulating cooling water. 6. Factors that affect the design capacity of a cooling tower include: 1) Contact time between air and water; 2) Surface area of the packing; 3) Distribution of water on the surface of the packing