Flat washers and spring washers used for bolts

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Functions of flat washers: 1. Increase the contact area between the screw and the machine. 2. Prevent damage to the machine’s surface caused by spring washers when removing screws. When in use, it must be: a spring washer followed by a flat washer, with the flat washer in contact with the machine surface and the spring washer located between the flat washer and the nut. Flat washers are used to increase the area over which the screw is under stress. Spring washers serve to prevent screws from loosening, providing a certain degree of cushioning protection when stress is applied. Although flat washers can be used as sacrificial washers. 3. But more often, it is used as a supplementary cushion or flattening pad. Functions of the spring washer: 1. The function of a spring washer is to provide elastic force to the nut after it has been tightened, thereby pressing the nut in place and preventing it from coming loose. The basic function of the spring is to apply a force to the nut after it is tightened, thereby increasing the friction between the nut and the bolt.   2. Spring washers are generally used instead of flat washers (flat and spring washers are considered only when it is necessary to protect the surfaces of the fasteners and the mounting surface).   3. Flat washers are generally used in connectors; one type is soft while the other is hard and brittle. Their main function is to increase the contact area, distribute pressure, and prevent the softer material from being damaged. When to use flat washers and when to use spring washers: 1. Under normal circumstances, flat washers can be used alone when the load is relatively low and there is no vibration load. 2. In cases of high loads and exposure to vibratory loads, a combination of flat washers and spring washers must be used. 3. Spring washers are basically not used alone; they are always used in combination.