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Introduction: Rolling is a metal processing technique in which metal billets are passed through the gap between one or more pairs of rotating rollers; under the compressive force exerted by these rollers, the material undergoes plastic deformation, thereby reducing its cross-sectional area while increasing its length. The following is a detailed explanation of the rolling process: 1. Concept definition: Rolling is a process in which metal undergoes plastic deformation between rotating rolls, thereby changing its shape and size. Purpose: Through rolling, metal billets can be given the desired cross-sectional shape, dimensions, and properties. II. The classified rolling processes can be divided into various types based on different classification criteria: 2.1 Classified by the direction of movement of the workpiece: 2.1-1 Longitudinal rolling: The metal passes between two rollers that rotate in opposite directions, undergoing plastic deformation in the process. 2.1-2 Cross rolling: After deformation, the direction of movement of the workpiece is aligned with the axis of the rolls. 2.1-3 Skew rolling: The workpiece moves in a spiral motion, with the workpiece not being at a right angle to the roll axis. 2.2 Classification by metal state: 2.2-1 Hot rolling: Rolling is carried out after the metal is heated above its recrystallization temperature; at this point, the metal is easy to deform, and casting defects can be eliminated while the structural properties are improved. Hot rolling is the most commonly used method in steel production; it is suitable for producing large sections, medium and thick plates, etc. 2.2-2 Cold rolling: Rolling is carried out at room temperature; since no recrystallization of the metal occurs during cold rolling, higher dimensional accuracy and surface finish can be achieved. Cold-rolled products are widely used to manufacture thin sheets and strips for industries such as automobiles and home appliances. III. Working Principle of the Rolling Process 3.1 Rolling Force: During the rolling process, the pressure exerted by the rolls on the metal billet is called the rolling force. The magnitude of the rolling force depends on factors such as the diameter of the rolls, the thickness of the workpiece, the material, and the rolling speed. 3.2 Deformation process: The metal blank is subjected to compressive forces between the rollers, resulting in plastic deformation; its cross-sectional shape and dimensions gradually change until it reaches the desired shape and size. 3.3 Temperature control: During the hot rolling process, it is necessary to strictly control the heating temperature and rolling temperature to ensure that the metal billet possesses good plasticity and deformation capacity during rolling. During the cold rolling process, although heating is not required, it is still necessary to control the rolling speed and rolling force in order to prevent the metal from breaking or becoming overly hardened. IV. Application Areas: The rolling process is widely used in the processing of metal materials such as steel and non-ferrous metals. Through rolling processes, metal products of various shapes and sizes can be produced, such as profiles, sheets, and tubes. These products are widely used in various fields including construction, machinery, automotive industry, home appliances, and aerospace. V. Development Trends: With the advancement of technology and changes in market demands, rolling processes are also continuously evolving and improving. In the future, rolling processes will place greater emphasis on efficiency, energy savings, environmental protection, and intelligence in order to meet the market’s demand for high-quality, high-performance metal products. At the same time, with the continuous emergence of new materials and technologies, rolling processes will also continue to expand their areas of application and market potential.