Pipeline Material Table

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Pipe fittings are components in piping systems that serve functions such as connection, control, direction alteration, diversion, sealing, and support.      All steel pipe fittings are pressure-bearing pipe fittings. Based on different processing methods, they are divided into four main categories: butt-welded pipe fittings (which include those with welds and those without welds), socket-welded and threaded pipe fittings, and flanged pipe fittings.      Fittings refer to the components used in piping systems for direct connection, turning, branching, changing diameter, and serving as ends, etc. These include elbows, tees, crosses, reducers, pipe clamps, internal and external threaded joints, swivel joints, quick-connect hose fittings, threaded stubs, branch pipe supports, plug valves, pipe caps, blind flanges, etc.; valves, flanges, fasteners, and gaskets are not included. The material information for pipe fittings includes style, connection type, pressure rating, wall thickness grade, material, standard specifications, and dimensions. Common classifications There are many types of pipe fittings; here they are classified according to purpose, connection method, material, and manufacturing process. By purpose: 1. Fittings used for connecting pipes together include: flanges, couplings, pipe clamps, band clamps, sleeve fittings, collets, etc. 2. Fittings that change the direction of pipes: elbows, bends. 3. Fittings that change the diameter of pipes: reducers (size-changing joints), eccentric elbows, branch connectors, reinforcement pipes. 4. Fittings that allow for the creation of pipe branches: tees, crosses. 5. Fittings used for sealing pipes: gaskets, tape, hemp rope, flange blind plates, pipe plugs, blind plates, end caps, welded plugs. 6. Fittings used for securing pipes: clamps, hooks, lifting rings, supports, brackets, pipe hangers, etc.

By connection method: 1. Welded fittings. 2. Threaded fittings. 3. Sleeve-type fittings. 4. Band-clamp type fittings. 5. Socket-type fittings. 6. Adhesive-type fittings. 7. Heat-fusion type fittings. 8. Elastic heat-fusion type fittings. 9. Gasket-type connections.

By material: 1. Cast steel fittings: ASTM/ASME A234 WPB, WPC2. Cast iron fittings. 3. Stainless steel fittings: ASTM/ASME A403 WP 304-304L-304H-304LN-304N; ASTM/ASME A403 WP 316-316L-316H-316LN-316N-316Ti; ASTM/ASME A403 WP 321-321H; ASTM/ASME A403 WP 347-347H. Low-temperature steel: ASTM/ASME A402 WPL3-WPL6. High-performance steel: ASTM/ASME A860 WPHY 42-46-52-60-65-70. Materials include cast steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, copper, aluminum alloys, plastics, PTFE, PVC, PPR, RFPP (reinforced polypropylene), etc. 4. Plastic pipe fittings 5. PVC pipe fittings 6. Rubber pipe fittings 7. Graphite pipe fittings 8. Forged steel pipe fittings 9. PPR pipe fittings 10. Alloy pipe fittings: ASTM/ASME A234 WP 1-WP 12-WP 11-WP 22-WP 5-WP 91-WP911, 15Mo3, 15CrMoV, 35CrMoV11. PE pipe fittings 12. ABS pipe fittings. The manufacturing methods can be classified into extrusion, pressing, forging, casting, etc. Classification of manufacturing standards: They can be divided into national standards, electrical standards, shipbuilding standards, chemical standards, water-related standards, American standards, German standards, Japanese standards, Russian standards, and so on. Based on the radius of curvature, they can be divided into long-radius elbows and short-radius elbows. A long-radius elbow is one whose radius of curvature is equal to 1.5 times the outer diameter of the pipe, that is, R=1.5D ； A short-radius elbow refers to one whose radius of curvature is equal to the outer diameter of the pipe, that is, R=1.0D. (D is the elbow diameter, R is the radius of curvature). 　Classified by pressure rating, there are approximately seventeen types, which are the same as those in American pipe standards: Sch5s, Sch10s, Sch10, Sch20, Sch30, Sch40s, STD, Sch40, Sch60, Sch80s, XS; Sch80, SCH100, Sch120, Sch140, Sch160, XXS. Among these, STD and XS are the most commonly used. Styles and codes: Elbow – A fitting used to change the direction of a pipe. EL – Elbow1; Reducing elbow – An elbow with different diameters at its two ends. REL – Reducing elbow2; Long radius elbow – An elbow whose bending radius is 1.5 times the nominal diameter of the pipe. ELL (LR) (EL) – Long radius elbow3; Short radius elbow – An elbow whose bending radius equals the nominal diameter of the pipe. ELS (SR) (ES) – Short radius elbow4; 45° elbow – An elbow that changes the direction of the pipe by 45°; 90° elbow – An elbow that changes the direction of the pipe by 90°; 180° elbow (return elbow) – An elbow that changes the direction of the pipe by 180°; Seamless elbow – An elbow made from seamless steel pipes; Welded elbow (seamed elbow) – An elbow formed by welding steel plates together; Mitre elbow – An elbow created by welding triangular pipe sections together, giving it a shape similar to that of a shrimp’s waist. MEL – Mitre elbow. Pipe bending involves bending pipes into segments with the desired curvature, either at room temperature or under heating conditions. Prefabricated pipe bend, fabricated pipe bend, cross-over bend, offset bend, 90° bend, quarter bend, circular bend, single offset 90° bend (semi-diamond shape), single offset quarter bend, “S” bend, single offset “U” bend, “U” bend, double offset expansion “U” bend, mitre bend, 3-piece mitre bend, corrugated bend, tee – a fitting in T or Y shape that allows connection of pipes coming from three different directions. Equal-diameter tee: a tee with identical diameters. Reducer tees are tees with different diameters. T – Tee; LT – Slope tee; Lateral tee – Tee that connects pipes at an angle; RT – Reducing tee – Tee used for reducing the diameter of pipes; 45YS – Equal-diameter 45° Y-shaped tee; 45YR – Reducing 45° Y-shaped tee. A four-way fitting is a cross-shaped component that can connect pipes from four different directions. A cross-equidiameter tee is a tee with identical diameters. CRS straight cross: a tee with different diameters at its connections. CRR reducing cross: a tee in which one of the connection ports has a different diameter; reducing cross (reducing on one outlet): a tee in which one of the straight-through ports and one of the connection ports have different diameters; reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet): a tee in which both connection ports have different diameters; reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet): a tee in which one of the straight-through ports and both connection ports have different diameters. Reducing pipe (elbow): a straight pipe fitting with different diameters at its ends. Concentric reducing pipe (concentric elbow): a pipe with different diameters whose center lines coincide. Eccentric reducing pipe (eccentric elbow): a pipe with different diameters whose center lines do not coincide and one side of which is straight. R – Reducer fitting (tees). CR – Concentric reducer fitting (concentric tees). ER – Eccentric reducer fitting (eccentric tees). Pipe clamps are used to connect two pipe sections; they are fittings with internal threads or sockets. Double-threaded pipe clamps are those that have threads on both ends. Single-end threaded pipe clamp: a pipe clamp with threads on one end. Double socket pipe clamp: a pipe clamp with sockets at both ends. Single socket pipe clamp: a pipe clamp with a socket at one end. Eccentric double socket pipe clamp: a pipe clamp with sockets at both ends but with different diameters. Reduction threaded pipe clamp: a clamp with internal threads at both ends and different diameters. CPL coupling: Pipe coupling. FCPL: Double-end pipe coupling, Full coupling. HCPL: Single-end pipe coupling, Half coupling. RCPL: Reducing pipe coupling, Coupling for pipes of different diameters. Full thread coupling: Pipe coupling with threads on both ends. Half coupling: Pipe coupling with threads on only one end. Internal and external thread fittings: Used to connect pipes of different diameters; these are pipe fittings with internal threads on one end and external threads on the other end. BU internal and external threaded fittings; BushingHHB hexagonal head; FB flat fitting. Flexible hose fittings are composed of several components and are used to connect pipe sections, facilitating the installation and removal of other pipe fittings and valves on pipelines. The hose connector can quickly connect the fittings of hoses. UN union fitting UnionHC hose coupler: a straight pipe fitting with external threads. Single-start threaded spool: a spool with external threads on one end. Double-ended threaded spool: a spool with external threads at both ends. Reducer stub: A stub end with different diameters at each end. SE: Flanged stub end. Stub end: Pipe nipple or straight nipple. SNIP: Reducer stub; Swaged nipple. NPT = National Pipe Thread = American standard thread. BBE: Beveled at both ends. BLE: Bevel on the large end. BSE: Bevel on the small end. PBE: Plain at both ends. PLE: Plain on the large end. PSE: Plain on the small end. POE: Plain on one end. TOE: Threaded at one end. TBE: Threaded at both ends. TLE: Threaded on the large end. TSE: Threaded on the small end