The influence of the chemical composition of the heat transfer medium on scale formation

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A heat transfer medium refers to an auxiliary medium that exchanges heat with the process material; common ones include water, oil, air, etc. Water is the most common heat transfer medium, and its impurities have a significant impact on the formation of scale in heat exchangers. Specifically, these include impurities that are dissolved in water in ionic or molecular form: calcium salts, magnesium salts, and sodium salts. Impurities present in a colloidal state: iron compounds, microorganisms, and sludge from the cooling circulation water; as well as dust from the air and suspended particles in the make-up water, gradually accumulate in heat exchangers with lower flow rates. Sludge: It is primarily formed by the secretions of microorganisms combined with sediment, corrosion products, and remains of bacteria and algae in the water, and it often adheres to the walls of heat exchangers.