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Water-based coatings are an environmentally friendly type of coating that uses water as a dispersing medium. Compared to solvent-based coatings of the same type, the performance of water-based coatings still needs to be further improved. Wang et al. prepared the modified graphene/water-based polyurethane composite coating in 3 steps: (1) silane-modified graphene ； ⑵Preparation of silane-terminated waterborne polyurethane ； ⑶ Preparation of modified graphene/water-based polyurethane coatings using the sol-gel technique. The structure of the product was verified by methods such as proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high-temperature gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Additionally, the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the modified graphene/water-based polyurethane composite coating were studied. Experiments show that adding 2% modified graphene increases the tensile strength by 71% compared to pure water-based polyurethane coatings; its thermal stability also improves. Yu Huan added the graphene/TiO₂ composite material to water-based polyurethane coatings, and evaluated its resistance to biofouling, surface properties, friction coefficient, mechanical properties, etc. The results show that the graphene/TiO₂-modified water-based polyurethane coating exhibits good anti-fouling properties; when the graphene content is 5%, the overall performance of the coating is optimal.