【Haichuan Design Discussion】Under what circumstances is it necessary to establish a fire control room?
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In building fire protection design, we often encounter a question: \"Should a fire control room be installed for this project or not?\" ” This issue may seem simple, but it is related to the overall design of the project, the cost involved, and most importantly, the implementation of fire safety responsibilities. The answer is not estimated based on experience, but is clearly stated in **mandatory regulations**. Today, we will clearly determine where this “red line” lies. In building fire protection design, we often encounter a question: \"Should a fire control room be installed for this project or not?\" ” This issue may seem simple, but it is related to the overall design of the project, the cost involved, and most importantly, the implementation of fire safety responsibilities. The answer is not estimated based on experience, but is clearly stated in **mandatory regulations**. Today, we will clearly determine where this “red line” lies. I. Core Rule: When is it necessary to set it up? In accordance with Article 8.1.7 of the Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings GB 50016-2014 (2018 edition), buildings (complexes) equipped with automatic fire alarm systems and fire protection equipment that requires interlocked control shall have a fire control room. Although this sentence is short, it contains two key pieces of information that must both be met: an automatic fire alarm system is in place; the building is equipped with \"sensors\" to detect fires, such as smoke detectors and heat detectors. Firefighting equipment requiring coordinated control: When a fire occurs, merely sounding an alarm is not sufficient; it’s also necessary to automatically or remotely control a series of firefighting devices. Examples include: automatic sprinkler systems, smoke prevention and exhaust systems, emergency fire alarms and audible/visual alerts, fire shutters, fire doors that remain open under normal conditions, forced descent of elevators, and disconnection of non-fire-related power supplies. In short, if your building must not only “detect fires” but also “automatically extinguish them, remove smoke, and facilitate evacuation,” then it’s essential to have a “central control hub” for firefighting—the fire control room.
II. Discussion by scenario: integration, separate installation, and duty rooms – Not all buildings equipped with fire protection systems require a standardized fire control room; the regulations provide detailed distinctions in this regard. Only alarm, no interconnection? A fire watch room can be set up! According to Article 3.4.1 of the \"Code for Design of Automatic Fire Alarm Systems\" GB 50116-2013, a fire control room can be installed when a building is equipped only with a fire detection and alarm system, without any fire protection interlocking control functions. This duty room can even be shared with other departments (such as the security duty room), improving space utilization efficiency. The complex is too large – are there more than one control room? For large-scale, complex building complexes, multiple fire control rooms may be installed. At this point, in accordance with Article 3.1 of the \"General Technical Requirements for Fire Control Rooms\" GB 25506-2010, it is necessary to establish a \"fire control center\" on the top floor to uniformly direct and coordinate the operations of various fire control rooms. III. Setup requirements: Location, facilities, and management – all are indispensable. For fire control rooms that have been established, there are also strict construction and management standards to be followed; these primarily refer to the “Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings” GB 50016 and the “General Technical Requirements for Fire Control Rooms” GB 25506. Location and building structure: The preferred location is the first floor or the basement level of the building, and it should be located near the exterior walls to facilitate rescue and ventilation. (Basis: Article 8.1.7 of GB 50016) Flood prevention: Reliable flood prevention measures must be taken. Fire separation: Fire-resistant partitions with a fire resistance rating of no less than 2.00 hours and floors with a fire resistance rating of no less than 1.50 hours shall be used to separate this area from other areas. (Basis: Article 6.2.7 of GB 50016) Safety exits: Evacuation doors must lead directly to the outdoors or to a safety exit. (Basis: GB 50016 Article 8.1.7) Equipment configuration: The fire control room must be equipped with all necessary control and display devices, including at least: a fire alarm controller and a fire linkage controller, a fire graphic display unit, a fire emergency broadcast control device, a dedicated fire telephone switchboard, and external telephones for reporting fires. (Basis: GB 25506 Articles 3.2, 3.3, 3.4) Shift management (of utmost importance!) ) 24-hour duty: The fire control room must have designated personnel on duty 24 hours a day. There should be no fewer than 2 people per shift; moreover, no fewer than 2 certified personnel should be on duty per shift. This is to ensure that in an emergency, one person operates while another assists and monitors, leaving nothing to chance. (Basis: Article 4.2.1 of GB 25506) IV. Summary and reminders The establishment of a fire control room is a crucial link that connects various components within a building’s fire safety assurance system. It is not only a room where equipment is concentrated, but also the “command post” for fire emergency command. As designers or owners, it is crucial to bear in mind that the criterion for judgment lies in “the automatic fire alarm system + fire-fighting equipment requiring interlocked control”. Design criteria: Strictly comply with the “Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings” GB 50016 and the “Code for Design of Automatic Fire Alarm Systems” GB 50116. Management requirements: After completion, strict management must be carried out in accordance with the \"General Technical Requirements for Fire Control Rooms\" GB 25506. In terms of fire safety, any assumption or complacency is a deadly hazard. Adhering to the specified requirements and strictly following the rules is not only compliance with the law, but also a responsibility toward human lives.
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