Morpholine, with the molecular formula C4H9NO, or written as O(CH2CH2)2NH. Also known as **lin**, it is a colorless oily liquid at room temperature. Melting point: -4.76°C, boiling point: 128.3°C. Density 1.0005 g/cm3 (20°C). Refractive index 1.4548. Flash point 38°C (open cup). Miscible with water, acetone, benzene, ether, alcohols, ethylene glycol, flaxseed oil, turpentine, and castor oil. It is hygroscopic and has an ammonia smell. It can be prepared by dehydrative cyclization of diethanolamine using sulfuric acid. Industrially, it is mainly produced from diethylene glycol and ammonia under hydrogen atmosphere in the presence of a catalyst. It is mainly used to produce rubber vulcanization accelerators, and it is also employed in the synthesis of surfactants, textile dyeing auxiliaries, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. It is also used as a metal corrosion inhibitor and rust preventive. It is also a solvent for dyes, resins, waxes, shellac, casein, etc.
First, it is necessary to understand what the functions of morpholine are. It is primarily used as a catalyst for rubber vulcanization, and it is also employed in the synthesis of surfactants, textile dyeing auxiliaries, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. It is also used as a metal corrosion inhibitor and rust preventive. Furthermore, it can be analyzed that the functions of morpholine when added to the steam drum are only two: metal corrosion inhibitor and rust inhibitor.