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Tar-ammonia water separation technology I. Principle of action of the tar-ammonia water separator: Demulsification – The tar-ammonia water separator is capable of disrupting the equilibrium of the emulsified layer, thereby enhancing the separation effect and minimizing the possibility of contamination entering the circulating ammonia water； At the same time, the water content in the tar will decrease. Viscosity reduction – The tar-ammonia separator is also an excellent anti-adhesion agent; it forms a layer on the surface of the tar, reducing its surface tension and thereby lowering its viscosity. This increases the fluidity of the tar, making it less likely to stick to equipment. Purification – Another factor that affects the quality of tar and the quality of the recycled ammonia solution is the content of toluene-insoluble substances. High viscosity in tar is usually caused by these toluene-insoluble substances, as they form stable emulsions with the tar and ammonia solution. The tar-ammonia separator allows more toluene-insoluble substances to precipitate at the bottom of the mechanical clarifier, where they are removed as tar residue. Therefore, in many cases, the slag discharge of the system increases after chemical dosing compared to before dosing. Mechanism of action of the tar-ammonia separator: 1. The tar-ammonia separator is an oil-based product; after performing its function, it does not enter the aqueous phase but rather the oil phase, thus preventing an increase in microbial poisoning. 2. The demulsifying effect of the tar-ammonia water separator reduces interfacial tension, enhances the chemical separation of ammonia water from tar, and accelerates the enrichment and separation of the two phases, thereby enabling rapid and thorough oil-water separation. (1) Factors affecting oil-water emulsification: high-temperature pyrolysis, control of moisture content in the coal fed into the furnace ； (2) Factors affecting oil-water demulsification: chemical properties of the demulsifier and the content of tar residue ； (3) Factors affecting two-phase enrichment: residence time or flow rate control of ammonia water ； (4) Factors affecting oil-water separation: operation of mechanical skimming equipment. 2. Characteristics of the tar-ammonia water separator: 2.1 A stable and continuous supply of ammonia water in a circulating system helps to clean the system and maintain stability in production, thereby mitigating the effects of production fluctuations. The addition process is carried out to prevent the system from being cleaned too quickly, thus avoiding blockages in pipes and equipment caused by the debris that falls off. 1. The dosing process is divided into three stages: (1) Initial stage: lasting 1–5 days. Since the tar-ammonia separator also helps to remove deposits from the existing system, the dosage of the chemical should be increased gradually during the initial testing phase. (2) Drug concentration adjustment phase: Lasting 5-7 days, this phase involves adjusting the drug concentration based on the data obtained from analytical tests. The adjustment direction is to increase the concentration of the agent to approach the experimental effect. (3) Stabilization test phase: Continuous normal dosing is carried out; during this phase, the concentration of the chemical agent is fine-tuned based on analytical test data ； If there are significant changes in the production process, the concentration of the chemicals must be adjusted promptly according to the actual conditions. 2.2 Benefits of long-term, stable use of tar-ammonia water separator 2.2.1 Main benefits of long-term use 2.2.2 Potential benefits: • Reduced steam consumption (for refrigerators, equipment purging, ammonia evaporation) • Lower frequency of operations • Reduced safety hazards • Improved efficiency in ammonia evaporation • Extended equipment lifespan • Longer maintenance intervals • Fewer environmental incidents