List of Obsolete Safety Production Processes, Technologies, and Equipment for Hazardous Chemicals (First Batch)

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Catalog of Obsolete Safety Production Processes, Technologies, and Equipment for Hazardous Chemicals to Be Phased Out (First Batch) Serial Number Name of Obsolete Process, Technology, or Equipment Reason for Phasing It Out Type of Phasing Out Scope of Restriction Name of Alternative Technology or Equipment Basis I. Phasing Out Obsolete Processes and Technologies 1. Chlorine liquefaction process using ammonia to cool brine: Ammonia leaks into the brine, forming ammonium salts, which then enter the liquid chlorine, resulting in the formation of nitrogen trichloride – a substance prone to explosion. The conversion to environmentally friendly refrigerants must be completed within two years – Article 35 of the Work Safety Law. The production process of coating resins using direct heating poses significant safety risks. Prohibited: It is included in the \"Phases out\" category of the National Development and Reform Commission’s \"Guidelines for Industrial Structure Adjustment (2019 edition)\). The constant-pressure fixed-bed batch gasification process has a relatively low level of automation; manual addition of coal and removal of ash can lead to accidents such as fires, explosions, and burns. New and expanded projects are restricted from using new gasification technologies. Article 35 of the Work Safety Law: The normal-pressure neutralization method for producing *ao acid involves a large amount of material in the normal-pressure reactor, resulting in a slow and uneven reaction rate, as well as high levels of exhaust gas emission, which poses significant safety risks. Except for projects involving the comprehensive utilization of melamine exhaust gases, the pressure-neutralization method or the tubular reactor method is prohibited for the production process of phosgene acid. Article 35 of the Work Safety Law: II. Phasing out outdated equipment: Open-type centrifuges lack effective sealing, which results in high safety risks due to the escape of materials and vapors during operation. Restrictions apply to flammable and toxic materials; closed centrifuges are prohibited. Article 35, Paragraph 2 of the Work Safety Law: The guide rails of vinyl chloride gas cabinets with multiple bell-shaped sections are prone to getting stuck, leading to material leakage. New and expansion projects are prohibited; existing multi-section gas tanks are to be converted into single-section bell-type gas tanks for operation. Article 35 of the Work Safety Law stipulates that in the gas purification process of coal-to-methanol plants, the three-way heat exchangers are prone to corrosion, which can lead to leaks. It is prohibited to use conventional shell-and-tube heat exchangers, plate heat exchangers, etc. According to Article 35 of the Work Safety Law, liquid chlorine storage facilities that do not have enclosed systems or automatic absorption systems pose high safety risks and are prone to poisoning incidents. It is required to complete the sealing of warehouses within one year, and to install automatic absorption devices that are linked to alarm systems – as stipulated in the \"Guidelines for Identifying and Addressing Safety Hazards in Hazardous Chemical Enterprises\". Kettle-type distillation units used for producing petroleum products through open-flame and high-temperature heating methods pose high safety risks, as they are prone to fires and explosions. The use of atmospheric and vacuum distillation towers is prohibited; they are included in the \"Elimination List\" of the National Development and Reform Commission’s \"Guidelines for Industrial Structure Adjustment (2019 Edition)\”. Open-type (also known as open-frame) and internal combustion-type (also known as semi-enclosed or semi-open) calcium carbide furnaces pose high safety risks, as they are prone to fires, explosions, and burns. Prohibition: Closed-carbide furnaces; Industrial policies for the carbide industry. 7 Gas-fired furnaces and heat transfer oil furnaces that lack flame monitoring and shut-off protection systems are prone to cause explosions in the furnace chamber. The renovation must be completed within one year; there are no such restrictions on gas-fired heaters and heat transfer oil heaters used for scientific research experiments, provided that they are equipped with flame monitoring and shut-off protection systems. Article 35 of the Work Safety Law: There are no inspection requirements for hoses used in pipelines transporting liquefied hydrocarbons, liquid chlorine, and liquid ammonia, resulting in low safety and reliability. Except for metal hoses prohibited from use at docks and hoses used in electronic-grade products, as well as metal pressure pipelines or universal filling systems, in accordance with the \"Code for Fire Protection Design of Petrochemical Enterprises\" (GB 50160-2008) (2018 edition)