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4. Adaptation to typical working conditions: The application value and advantages of ceramic ball valves reflect the dual advantages of combining materials and structures. Ceramic ball valves have shown irreplaceable application value in harsh working conditions prone to cavitation and flash evaporation, such as power desulfurization and denitrification, coal chemical industry, chemical acid and alkali transportation, non-ferrous metal smelting, and environmental water treatment. Compared with traditional metal valves, they have longer service life, lower maintenance costs, and stronger system adaptability, and can effectively improve the long-term operation capabilities of industrial devices. (1) Electric power desulfurization and denitrification: To cope with the combined working condition of flash evaporation + corrosion, the limestone/gypsum slurry in the desulfurization system of thermal power plants contains a large number of solid particles, has a high flow rate and low pressure behind the valve, making it easy to flash evaporation. Moreover, Cl⁻ and SO₄²⁻ in the slurry are highly corrosive. Metal valves usually fail due to erosion + corrosion within 3-6 months. Ceramic ball valves can resist high-speed flash evaporation and erosion of slurries and are immune to corrosion. They have a service life of up to 2-3 years, significantly reducing the frequency of valve maintenance and reducing the cost of spare parts. (2) Coal chemical industry: It is suitable for high-pressure differential cavitation + particle scouring conditions. The pressure difference of the black ash water and syngas purification systems in the coal chemical industry is as high as tens of bars. The ball valve flow channel is prone to cavitation, and the medium contains solid particles that can easily cause flash scouring. Ceramic ball valves rely on ultra-high hardness and fracture toughness to resist cavitation micro-jet bombardment and particle erosion, solving the pain points of "cavitation wear and particle erosion" of metal valves. They can operate stably in core equipment such as coal-water slurry gasifiers, and have a lifespan 3-10 times that of metal valves, significantly reducing the frequency of shutdowns and replacements. (3) Chemical acid and alkali transportation: Resistant to high-temperature and high-pressure cavitation + strong corrosion conditions. In high-temperature concentrated sulfuric acid, liquid alkali and other medium transportation conditions, high temperature will increase the saturated vapor pressure of the medium, and the high pressure difference will easily cause cavitation. At the same time, strong corrosion will accelerate material damage. Ceramic ball valves such as silicon nitride and alumina have extremely strong chemical stability, can withstand corrosion by concentrated sulfuric acid at temperatures above 260°C, and are resistant to cavitation microjet impact. They can replace expensive special metal valves such as Hastelloy and titanium alloys. They not only increase the life of the valve core from 3 months to 24 months, but also reduce the cavitation leakage rate to 0, reducing the whole life cycle cost by 40%. (4) Non-ferrous metal smelting and environmentally friendly water treatment: It is suitable for alumina with high solid content and complex corrosion conditions, ore slurry and red mud in non-ferrous metal smelting, as well as high-salt wastewater and acidic wastewater in environmental water treatment. They all have the characteristics of high solid content, strong wear, easy flash evaporation, and complex corrosion. Ceramic ball valves can resist erosion and cavitation throughout the entire process and require almost no frequent maintenance. They have better wear resistance and cavitation resistance than fluorine-lined and rubber-lined valves. They not only significantly improve the continuity level of the smelting process, but also ensure the stable operation of the water treatment system. 5. Summary: Ceramic ball valve - the dual optimal material structure solution to resist cavitation and flash evaporation. The essence of cavitation and flash evaporation is the superposition of the triple damage of impact, erosion and corrosion. The structural optimization of traditional metal valves can only "avoid" damage, and it is difficult to cure the symptoms. The ceramic ball valve uses material hard core immunity + structural smart defense to build a comprehensive cavitation and flash "immune system", which perfectly solves this industrial fluid control problem. Under the trend of increasingly harsh industrial working conditions, mature customers have recognized the natural advantages of ceramic ball valves in resisting cavitation and flash evaporation, and are gradually replacing traditional metal valves and becoming the core equipment of high-end fluid control. With the upgrade of material technologies such as nanocomposite ceramics and surface-modified ceramics, as well as the optimization of structural designs such as flow channels of anti-cavitation ceramic ball valves, the corrosion and impact resistance of ceramic ball valves will be further improved, providing a more solid guarantee for the safe, stable and efficient operation of industrial production. At the same time, with the acceleration of domestic substitution, its application scenarios will also extend to more high-demand industrial fields.