Regarding the activity issue of Raney nickel catalysts

Nickel-based catalysts generally refer to Raney nickel, which is a solid heterogeneous catalyst composed of fine grains of a nickel-aluminum alloy with a porous structure. It was first used as a catalyst by American engineer Morry Raney in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils. The preparation process involves treating the nickel-aluminum alloy with a concentrated sodium hydroxide solution; during this process, most of the aluminum reacts with sodium hydroxide and dissolves, leaving behind highly activated Raney nickel with numerous micropores of varying sizes. Thus, on the surface, Raney nickel appears as a fine gray powder; yet at the microscopic level, each tiny particle in this powder consists of a three-dimensional porous structure. This porous structure increases its surface area, and such a large surface area leads to high catalytic activity. As a result, Raney nickel is widely used as a heterogeneous catalyst in organic synthesis and hydrogenation reactions in industrial production. The so-called skeleton nickel is made from nickel-aluminum alloy, which is treated with sodium hydroxide: 2Ni-Al+2NaOH+2H2O=2Ni+2NaAlO2+3H2

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