【Daily Question 2019】Hydrogen production and hydrogenation section – Question No. 083

As the temperature rises, the depth increases； The catalyst activity increases, and the depth increases as well ；

①Inadequate blasting and purging of the system resulted in a high pressure drop in the system after it was put into operation; the compressor’s displacement was limited, the hydrogen-to-oil ratio failed to meet the required standards, and the poor heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange equipment hindered an increase in the reaction temperature； ②The catalyst is not evenly loaded, resulting in channeling and flow deviation ； The internal components of the reactor were not installed properly, resulting in uneven gas-liquid distribution and flow skew ； The catalyst is not properly graded and packed, resulting in a rapid increase in pressure drop, which affects the compressor’s displacement and the improvement of the hydrogen-to-oil ratio ； The catalyst loading density is low; at the same volume space velocity, the mass space velocity is low, resulting in limited effective activity of the catalyst ； ③Too rapid heating during catalyst drying causes the catalyst to break apart; excessive operating pressure and insufficient holding time lead to incomplete dehydration. The drying medium carries hydrocarbons, leading to premature coking of the catalyst ； ④Improper control of vulcanization temperature and holding time leads to incomplete vulcanization and reduction of the catalyst ； Improper selection of sulfurized oil, too fast sulfur injection rate, excessive temperature rise, and premature coking of the catalyst ； ⑤Without preliminary activation and stabilization, the catalyst cokes rapidly ； ⑥During the startup phase, the medium flowing through the furnace tubes was interrupted; dry burning occurred, which led to coking of the furnace tubes. This resulted in high pressure differences across the furnace tubes and elevated surface temperatures, thereby limiting the increase in reaction temperature.

①As the reaction temperature increases, the depth increases； ②Catalyst activity increases, and the depth increases as well ； ③Changes in the properties of crude oil ； ④The purity of recycled hydrogen increases, and its depth grows ； ⑤The reactor pressure increases, and the depth increases as well ； ⑥As the reactor space velocity increases, the depth decreases.

Temperature, pressure, properties of crude oil, purity of recycled hydrogen, hydrogen-to-oil ratio, space velocity, catalyst

①As the reaction temperature increases, the depth increases； ②Catalyst activity increases, and the depth increases as well ； ③Changes in the properties of crude oil ； ④The purity of recycled hydrogen increases, and its depth grows ； ⑤The reactor pressure increases, and the depth increases as well ； ⑥As the reactor space velocity increases, the depth decreases.

①Inadequate blasting and purging of the system resulted in a high pressure drop in the system after it was put into operation; the compressor’s displacement was limited, the hydrogen-to-oil ratio failed to meet the required standards, and the poor heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange equipment hindered an increase in the reaction temperature； ②The catalyst is not evenly loaded, resulting in channeling and flow deviation ； The internal components of the reactor were not installed properly, resulting in uneven gas-liquid distribution and flow skew ； The catalyst is not properly graded and packed, resulting in a rapid increase in pressure drop, which affects the compressor’s displacement and the improvement of the hydrogen-to-oil ratio ； The catalyst loading density is low; at the same volume space velocity, the mass space velocity is low, resulting in limited effective activity of the catalyst ； ③Too rapid heating during catalyst drying causes the catalyst to break apart; excessive operating pressure and insufficient holding time lead to incomplete dehydration. The drying medium carries hydrocarbons, leading to premature coking of the catalyst ； ④Improper control of vulcanization temperature and holding time leads to incomplete vulcanization and reduction of the catalyst ； Improper selection of sulfurized oil, too fast sulfur injection rate, excessive temperature rise, and premature coking of the catalyst ； ⑤Without preliminary activation and stabilization, the catalyst cokes rapidly ； ⑥During the startup phase, the medium flowing through the furnace tubes was interrupted; dry burning occurred, which led to coking of the furnace tubes. This resulted in high pressure differences across the furnace tubes and elevated surface temperatures, thereby limiting the increase in reaction temperature.

Hydrogen partial pressure； Reaction temperature ； Airspeed ； hydrogen-to-oil ratio

①As the reaction temperature increases, the depth increases； ②Catalyst activity increases, and the depth increases as well ； ③Changes in the properties of crude oil ； ④The purity of recycled hydrogen increases, and its depth grows ； ⑤The reactor pressure increases, and the depth increases as well ； ⑥As the reactor space velocity increases, the depth decreases.

①As the reaction temperature increases, the depth increases； ②Catalyst activity increases, and the depth increases as well ； ③Changes in the properties of crude oil ； ④The purity of recycled hydrogen increases, and its depth grows ； ⑤As pressure increases, depth increases ； ⑥The airspeed should increase while the depth should decrease