Research and Development of High-Purity Isobutylene Oligomerization Catalysts

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I would like to ask everyone: Is there currently any process that uses high-purity isobutylene (with a purity of ≥99%) together with molecular sieve catalysts or resin catalysts to directly produce octene (a C8 olefin), and have such catalysts been successfully developed? Currently, the processes and catalysts developed industrially for the production of isooctene use mixed C4 as a raw material, rather than high-purity isobutylene. The drawback of the existing process is that, as it involves mixed C4, in addition to the polymerization reaction of isobutylene itself, the resulting isooctene also undergoes further polymerization reactions with 2-butene (cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene), propylene, and other components present in the mixed C4 feedstock. This results in a higher amount of by-products in the final polymer product, posing significant challenges for the purification and separation of the subsequent polymer products. Therefore, it is necessary to consider developing processes and catalysts for the direct preparation of isooctene (C8 olefin) via catalytic copolymerization using high-purity isobutylene (isobutylene purity ≥99%). Those who are interested in knowing please let me know; thank you very much!