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How to Prevent Chlorine Accidents 01 Safety Requirements ★ Operators must receive specialized training, strictly adhere to operating procedures, master operational skills proficiently, and possess knowledge of emergency response. ★ Ensure strict sealing, provide adequate local and general ventilation; smoking is strictly prohibited in the workplace. Provide safety showers and eye wash stations. ★ Workshops where chlorine is produced or used, as well as areas where chlorine is stored, should be equipped with chlorine leak detection alarms, along with at least two sets of heavy protective clothing. Wear chemical safety goggles, anti-static work clothes, and chemical-resistant gloves. When the concentration at the workplace exceeds the limit, operators must wear gas masks; in cases of emergency rescue or evacuation, they should use positive-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. ★ Pressure vessels and equipment such as liquid chlorine vaporizers and storage tanks should be equipped with safety valves, pressure gauges, level gauges, and thermometers, as well as safety devices that provide remote monitoring and alarm functions for pressure, level, and temperature. Install interlock devices for the rectifier unit with the chlorine compressor, power supply, pipeline pressure, ventilation systems, or corresponding absorption units. Emergency shut-off devices should be installed on the chlorine inlet and outlet pipelines. ★ Avoid contact with flammable or combustible materials, alcohols, ether, and hydrogen. ★ Safety warning signs should be installed in production and storage areas. Handle with care during transportation to prevent damage to the cylinders and accessories. During lifting, the gas cylinder should be placed in a specialized basket that meets safety requirements for transportation. The use of electromagnetic cranes, binding with chains, or using the bottle valve as a lifting point is prohibited. Equipped with appropriate types and quantities of fire-fighting equipment and emergency response devices for leaks. Containers that have been emptied and may still contain residual harmful substances should be dealt with promptly. 02 Special requirements for operational safety (1) For chlorination equipment, pipelines, and valve gaskets, high-strength chlorine-resistant materials such as asbestos board, asbestos rubber board, fluoroplastics, and asbestos rope impregnated with graphite should be used; the use of rubber gaskets is strictly prohibited. (2) When using compressed air to fill liquid chlorine, the moisture content in the air should be ≤0.01%. When filling liquid chlorine using a liquid chlorine vaporizer, it is only allowed to heat the vaporizer with warm water; direct heating with steam is not permitted. (3) Equipment such as liquid chlorine vaporizers, pre-coolers, and heat exchangers must be equipped with waste discharge systems and waste treatment facilities, and the nitrogen trichloride content must be analyzed regularly. If the operator fails to discharge waste in a timely manner as required and handles the process improperly, it can lead to hazards such as nitric trichloride explosions and large-scale chlorine gas leaks. (4) It is strictly prohibited to spray water on the leaking cylinder. (5) Cylinders with a filling capacity of 50 kg and 100 kg shall have a remaining volume of more than 2 kg, while cylinders with a filling capacity of 500 kg and 1000 kg shall have a remaining volume of more than 5 kg. Before filling, ensure that there are no foreign objects inside the gas cylinder. (6) During filling, use a universal joint piping filling system to strictly prevent overfilling. Storage safety (1) Store in a cool, well-ventilated warehouse; the warehouse temperature should not exceed 30°C and the relative humidity should not exceed 80%. Direct sunlight should be avoided. (2) It should be stored separately from flammable materials, alcohols, and food chemicals; mixed storage is strictly prohibited. Store the tank away from sources of fire and heat. Keep the container sealed, and the storage area should be located within a dike below the natural ground level. When storing gas cylinders, empty cylinders and filled cylinders should be kept separately, with clear markings in place. The storage area should be equipped with emergency equipment for handling leaks. (3) For units that use large quantities of chlorine gas cylinders, emergency sealing tools and personal protective equipment should be available on site to address cylinder leaks promptly. (4) It is prohibited to locate storage tank equipment and chlorine treatment facilities near densely populated areas such as schools, hospitals, and residential districts, as well as away from frequent access points and emergency exits. (5) The system of \"two-person receipt and dispatch, and two-person custody\" for highly toxic chemicals must be strictly implemented. Transportation safety (1) Transport vehicles should be equipped with signs indicating the transport of hazardous goods, as well as satellite positioning devices with driving record functionality. Without the approval of the public security authorities, transport vehicles shall not enter areas where the passage of hazardous chemicals transport vehicles is restricted. It is prohibited to park in densely populated areas and locations with open flames. During summer, transportation should take place in the morning and evening to avoid exposure to direct sunlight. (2) Vehicles transporting liquid chlorine cylinders are not allowed to cross the river through tunnels. (3) When transporting cylinders with a filling capacity of 50 kg or more by vehicle, they should be placed lying down, with the valve end facing the right side of the vehicle’s direction of travel. They should be secured using wooden blocks to prevent them from rolling, and the stack height shall not exceed 2 layers nor the height of the vehicle’s cargo compartment. It is prohibited to mix items with conflicting properties in the same vehicle, as well as to allow unrelated persons to ride along. It is strictly prohibited to mix or transport it together with flammable or combustible materials, alcohols, food chemicals, etc. The vehicle should be equipped with emergency sealing tools and personal protective equipment, which the escort personnel should know how to use. (4) Transport workers must pay attention to protection and wear the necessary protective equipment as required ； During transportation, management personnel must be present at the site to supervise unloading and loading ； Transportation is not recommended at night or in low-light conditions, nor on rainy days. In case it is necessary to move the item under special circumstances, approval from the department head must be obtained, and measures such as protection from rain should also be taken ； Smoking is strictly prohibited during handling. (5) When using the liquid chlorine vaporization method to pump liquid chlorine into storage tanks, it is necessary to strictly control the pressure and temperature of the vaporizer. The heating jacket of the kettle-type vaporizer must not cover the bottom; it should be heated with warm water, and heating with steam is strictly prohibited. The outlet water temperature should not exceed 45°C, and the vaporization pressure should not exceed 1 MPa. 03 Emergency response measures: Evacuate people from the area contaminated by the leak to an upwind location promptly, and immediately isolate the area by strictly restricting access. It is recommended that emergency responders wear self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus and protective clothing. Seal the source of leakage as much as possible. If possible, on-site mechanical ventilation systems and exhaust gas treatment devices should be utilized during emergency repairs to reduce the level of chlorine pollution. When a liquid chlorine cylinder leaks, rotate the cylinder so that the leaking area is located in the gaseous space of chlorine ； In the event of a leak at the fuse plug, use a bamboo stick or wooden plug to seal it ； If the bottle valve is leaking, tighten the hex nut ； When there is a leak at the weld of the bottle body, it should be tightened with an iron band lined with a rubber gasket. It is strictly prohibited to spray water on leaking cylinders. Use pipes to direct the leakage into a solution of a reducing agent (sodium sulfates or sodium carbonates). The leaking cylinder can also be immersed in lime milk. Leaking cylinders should be used up as soon as possible and returned to the manufacturer. If a gas cylinder leaks during transport and cannot be dealt with, the vehicle carrying the chlorine cylinders should be taken to a deserted, uninhabited area to minimize the risks posed by chlorine gas.