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Compensators* are also commonly referred to as expansion joints, or telescopic joints. It consists of a bellows (an elastic element) that forms the main part of its structure, along with accessories such as end tubes, supports, flanges, and conduits. It belongs to a type of compensation element. It utilizes the effective expansion and contraction of its main working element, the bellows, to absorb dimensional changes in pipelines, conduits, containers, etc., caused by factors such as thermal expansion and contraction, or to compensate for axial, lateral, and angular displacements of such pipelines, conduits, and containers. It can also be used for noise reduction and vibration damping. It is widely used in modern industry. In terms of heating, in order to prevent the heating pipes from deforming or being damaged due to thermal expansion or temperature stresses as they heat up, compensators need to be installed on the pipes to account for this thermal expansion. This helps to reduce the stress on the pipe walls as well as the forces acting on the valves or support structures. The compensator features a rectangular cross-section with rounded edges, and a single expansion joint in the pipeline accommodates displacement in two dimensional directions. An elbow pipe composed of 2 expansion joints can withstand displacement in three dimensions. Rectangular rounded-metal bellows expansion joints are available in full-height and half-height versions; depending on the flue dimensions and stress-strain requirements, users can choose from multiple bellows sections. 1 After the user selects an appropriate compensator based on the thermal displacement of the piping system, it is also necessary to provide information such as the medium flowing within the pipes, the design pressure of the flue and air ducts, the maximum operating temperature, the dimensions (length and width) of the cross-section of the flue and air ducts, as well as the waveform to be used (total height of 216 mm, half height of 108 mm) and the wave count (no more than 6 waves per individual ripple), in order to carry out the structural design and manufacturing of the compensator. 2 Maximum allowable expansion per wave: for full-height type, △α=±24mm; for half-height type, △α=±12mm. 3. Dust baffle: It may not be necessary for air ducts or pipes with little dust, but it should be used in dusty flue ducts. 4 To reduce the number of waves in the bellows, 50% cold drawing should be considered. 5 The compensator is suitable for applications where the cross-sectional area is less than 4.6 square meters, and where one of the dimensions of the flue or air duct is less than 1.5 m but greater than 0.6 mm. Standard full-height bellows compensators are suitable for all smoke and air ducts.